From NDCAWiki

Contents 1 TOC Stuff 1.1 Ethanol Industry Advantage (Round 4) 1.2 Jesus 2.0 (Rd 1 TOC) 1.3 Round 4 v. Ft. Lauderdale BM 2 Affirmative 2.1 AvGas Regular Version 2.2 AvGas No War Version (Read at Woodward) 2.3 AvGas Neoliberalism Version (Broken Quarters of Woodward by JQ) 2.4 AvGas China Advantage 2.5 AvGas Agriculture Advantage 2.6 Jesus Affirmative (Broken at MBA by JQ) 3 Negative 3.1 DeDevelopment 3.2 Warming Turns 3.3 Terror Turns 3.4 XO CP 3.5 Neohumanism Kritik 3.6 T-Nukes 3.7 Alien DA 3.8 "The" PIC 3.9 Existentialism Kritik 3.10 Nuclear Power Tradeoff DA 3.11 EFCA DA 3.12 Capitalism Kritik 3.13 Qatar LNG DA

TOC Stuff

Ethanol Industry Advantage (Round 4)

Currently the ethanol industry will collapse due to a lack of investment and research. Eliminating the ethanol blend cap is key to sparking new innovation to stave off ethanol industry collapse

Eaton 5-2-09 (Whitney, www.minotdailynew.com)

Ethanol industry is key to prevent economic collapse, expand the technology sector, and stop factory farms

EAA 6 (Ethanol Across America, Spring Issue, www.ethanolacrossamerica.net)

Economic collapse causes extinction

Lopez 98 (BusinessWorld, 9-10, Lexis)

Famine causes extinction

Pfeiffer 4 (Dale Allen, www.fromthewilderness.com)

Tech industry key to solve disease

Goldstein 6 (Larry, Jan 29, San Diego Tribune)

Unchecked disease means extinction

South China Morning Post 96

Factory farms cause extinction

Ikerd 99 (John, "The Real Economics of Factory Livestock")

Jesus 2.0 (Rd 1 TOC)

Contention One: The Problem of Evil

Human reason alone can prove the existence of God.

Aquinas 1274 (St. Thomas, Catholic Priest, Summa Theologica, Part 1, Question 2, Article 3, Sydnor)

The existence of God can be … men speak of as God.

Despite the existence of God, evil reigns in this world. Every night we hear new news stories of death, destruction, and mass suffering. We are left questioning God’s omnipotence, love, and perfect goodness. Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? then God is impotent. Is she able, but not willing? then is she malevolent. Is she both able and willing? whence then is evil?

Stackhouse 98 (John, Prof of Theology at Wheaton College, Can God Be Trusted?, p. 1-2, Sydnor)

HERE IS TONIGHT'S NEWSCAST… allow such evil to occur?"

One such example of evil is the United States’ energy policy. The environment and the world’s poorest suffer the consequences of our lavish lifestyle. Rather than engage in compassion and worldly love, our nation chooses to ignore marginalized voices for the sake of short-term wordly pleasure.

Kairos 07 (Eco and Religious Justice organization, “Re-Energizing the Future,” http://www.kairoscanada.org/e/ecology/climateChange/EnergyPolicyPaper_KAIROS_December2007.pdf)

In imagining an ecologically just future… and between the global North and South.

Thus, my partner and I are Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase alternative energy incentives.

Contention Two: A Politics of Love

The greatest gift God gave us was the possibility for compassion and love. In order for us to experience these events, we were given the free will, endowed with the possibility to choose evil and sin over what is divine. Evil exists for us to grow and become aligned with that which God deems beautiful.

Stackhouse 98 (John, Prof of Theology at Wheaton College, Can God Be Trusted?, p. 70-5, Sydnor)

God desired to love and be … the love of these human beings.

The role of the ballot is who has the best teleology. We will defend the resolution as an act of love and what we think should happen in the world; you will still get all your disad links. Debate becomes a meaningless activity insofar as it does not engage itself with good, evil, and love.

Stackhouse 98 (John, Prof of Theology at Wheaton College, Can God Be Trusted?, p. 174-6, Sydnor)

Jesus spent much of his public … Your life is your answer.

Our affirmation is a politics of love that prophesizes possibilities without our sinful consumption of oil. Incentivizing alternative energies responds to our brothers and sisters under God and formulates a new conception of the state that is necessary for any form of authentic justice. It is time to choose compassion and love over ongoing evil

Norton 06 (Sam, ordained priest in the Church of England; presently Rector of West Mersea and three other parishes on the Essex coast worked as a Civil servant in the UK on environmental matters; studied philosophy and theology at Oxford and Cambridge, “Prophecy and Peak Oil,” January 6)

One of the central strands of … and vii) trust in God.

Our politics of love reconciles human sin thus promoting spiritual growth necessary for eternal life and unity with God and with our fellow creatures. Love is only authentic when it is affirmed even in the gravest of dangers. Politics will remain inadequate so long as it remains a secular avoidance of tragedy and pursuit of prosperity, health, and happiness.

Stackhouse 98 (John, Prof of Theology at Wheaton College, Can God Be Trusted?, p. 33, Sydnor)

What is that future? All three faiths affirm … can we enjoy everlasting life with God and each other.

Without acting in good faith, this world becomes unbearable and we devolve to a level of moral immaturity which outweighs tragic consequences.

Stackhouse 98 (John, Prof of Theology at Wheaton College, Can God Be Trusted?, p. 86-7, Sydnor)

Such is the experience of us all…clearly and live in it wisely.

It is time for us to overcome secular interpretations of Good and Evil and find faith in God’s providence.

Stackhouse 98 (John, Prof of Theology at Wheaton College, Can God Be Trusted?, p. 172-4, Sydnor)

The fundamental human problem is … conversation that finally matters.

Round 4 v. Ft. Lauderdale BM

Mountain Brook (aff) Round 4 vs. Ft. Lauderdale BM

Avgas

Advantage 1: Air Monitoring (old) Advantage 2: MTBE (old) Advantage 3: Ethanol Industry (new) - ethanol industry on the brink now, plan key to solve, ethanol industry solves disease, factory farms, and ag)

Ft. Lauderdale BM (neg) Round 4 vs. Mountain Brook (Avgas)

T-can't remove a barrier Normativity Ecofeminism K WTO Condition CP Trade DA Health Care Good Politics DA Economic Rationality Bad on the case (Plumwood) Case Defense

Affirmative

AvGas Regular Version

Massive increases in biofuel production are inevitable – low costs and new plants American Farm Bureau ‘9 (January 12th, “Biofuels Positioned to Grow, But Challenges Loom,” http://www.fb.org/index.php?fuseaction=newsroom.newsfocus&year=2009&file=nr0112c.html; cited within the card is Brooke Coleman, executive director of the New Fuels Alliance and former director of the Renewable Energy Alliance Project)

“Agriculture is the key ...non-grain feedstocks are coming online.

And, new laws ensure that we will triple ethanol production by 2022 Reuters ‘9 (January 9th, http://www.reuters.com/article/smallBusinessNews/idUSTRE50869B20090109)

The 2008 farm law allows USDA ... such as ethanol from cellulose.

Unfortunately, the FAA still maintains a ban on ethanol use in general aviation US Fed News ‘8 (May 30th – lexis)

The Clean Air Act requires that cities ...gasoline at this time.

Thus we propose the following plan:

The Federal Aviation Administration should fully legalize the use of ethanol for commercial purposes in general aviation by clarifying in their certification and permitting process that general aviation engine equipment and general aviation airframes are now fully eligible to operate on so-called “new aviation fuels,” interpreting that phrase to be inclusive of ethanol-blended aviation gasoline.

Advantage 1 is Terrorism

Another terrorist episode involving a small plane is coming right now – qualified studies confirm. Schaler ‘4 (Karen Schaler, Globe Correspondent -- she is quoting data gathered from CSIS -- Boston Globe -- August 26, 2004 -- http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/08/26/analysts_warn_of_small_plane_terrorism_threat/)

The threat of terrorists using ... are loosely enforced," said Anderson.

Terrorists specifically target planes fueled by aviation gasoline based on its combustible nature. Wright ’4 (Bernard R Wright – M.S. and contributor to Forensic Examiner Magazine -- The Forensic Examiner, Summer 2004 v13 i2 p14(6) – obtained via infotrac)

Hydrocarbon fuels have been used for ... misuse should not be underestimated (Clodfelter, 1997).

Developing alternatives to avgas is essential to stop another terrorist attack – 9/11’s destruction was caused by burning fuel Wright ’4 (Bernard R Wright – M.S. and contributor to Forensic Examiner Magazine -- The Forensic Examiner, Summer 2004 v13 i2 p14(6) – obtained via infotrac)

If a large airliner is loaded ... present in an engine combustor.

This is specifically true of ethanol – it burns cooler and has less detonation, than avgas. Farm Futures ‘5 (“Ethanol takes to the Skies” – December 1st -- http://www.ethanolmt.org/php/novdec05.php)

Ethanol is becoming the most likely ... fuel will not experience vapor lock.

And, the next terrorist episode will occur via general aviation, not commercial aviation. The death toll will surpass 9-11. Muller ’2 (Richard – Technology Review online – March 11th -- http://freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/950263/posts)

Atta knew that September 11 would be the last day ... or a nuclear waste facility near a large city.

Another 9-11 will cause full-scale nuclear retaliation larger than any other war. Hanson ‘4 (Victor Davis Hanson is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution. Private Papers -- Response to Readership -- June 20th http://victorhanson.com/articles/Private%20Papers/Question%20Log/June_20.html)

Can Islam coexist with the West and ...this time there is no real restraint on American counter-responses.

And, another 9-11 will cause the US to strike Iran Giraldi ‘5 (Author of American Conservative, http://www.justinlogan.com/justinlogancom/2005/07/what_is_the_pla.html, July 22, 2005)

The Pentagon, acting under instructions ... being involved in the act of terrorism directed against the United States.

Iran strikes cause Syria to retaliate against Israel with smallpox Corsi ’07 (Jerome,- writer for Wordnet daily, citing Jill Bellamy-Dekker, director of the Public Health Preparedness program for the European Homeland Security Association under the French High Committee for Civil Defense “Syria ready with bio-terror if U.S. hits Iran” http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=54542)

An American biodefense analyst living ... is the biological agent Syria would utilize.

The impact outweighs nuke war Singer ’1 (Clifford,- is a professor of nuclear engineering and director of the Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security at the University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign “Will Mankind Survive the Millennium?” http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/research/S&Ps/2001-Sp/S&P_XIII/Singer.htm)

The epidemiological lethal results of well ... question when and if this is achieved.

Advantage 2 is Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol is working now, but continued violations by the US will cause it to unravel. Houder ’3 (VANESSA HOULDER – London-Based enviro correspondent for FT – Financial Times – November 18th)

He fears Washington's position could undermine... scientific basis, technical solutions and costs.

US non-compliance exemptions threaten to unravel the whole Protocol by discouraging compliance of developing nations. ECES ’3 (Earth Crash Earth Spirit – an environmental thinktank website -- July 20th -- http://eces.org/articles/000135.php)

The U.S. demands will go to an ... unravel the whole fabric of the treaty."

The next two years are key – that marks the end of the developing nations’ compliance period Khastagir ‘6 (Anup Khastagir, Climate Change Media Partnership and Senior Reporter for Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha News -- The New Nation, Jan 11th – available via: http://www.cirdap.org/product.asp?pid=189)

The area of the ozone hole varied ...except those for essential uses.

The only thing leaving the US in violation of the Protocol is lead in aviation gasoline – ethanol is the alternative Shauck & Zanin ’98 (M. Schauck & M.G. Zanin – Baylor Institute for Air Science – Implementation of Alternative Bio-Based Fuels in Aviation: The Clean Airports Program – October -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/cleanairportsprogram.pdf)

The phase-out of tetraethyl lead from motor fuel in the U.S., ... also significant environmental benefits.

Continued efficacy of the Montreal Protocol is key to repair the ozone hole – small violations could make the difference and cause complete extinction. South African Weather Service ’03 (Sept 15th -- Commemoration of the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, "World Ozone Day" -- http://www.weathersa.co.za/Pressroom/2003/2003Sep15OzoneDay.jsp)

Since the establishment of the Protocol...is still far from over.

Ozone depletion causes complete extinction – scientific consensus is on our side. Greenpeace ’95 (Full of Holes: Montreal Protocol and the Continuing Destruction of the Ozone Layer -- A GREENPEACE REPORT with contributions from OZONE ACTION -- http://archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/holes/holebg.html)

When chemists Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina...the stakes are literally the continuation of life on earth.

Independently, ozone depletion shatters DNA – jeopardizing the survival of EVERY living thing on earth. Earth & Society ’98 (A Project out of the University of Michigan -- THE OZONE LAYER: IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF OZONE EDUCATION – http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/ozone.htm)

The ozone layer is essential for ... as we know it, to exist.

And, ozone depletion kills plankton – creating a domino effect that shatters ocean life. The Green Community ’1 (An Environmental NGO -- http://www.thegreencommunity.org/mission.html)

As mentioned abouve, ozone naturally forms a layer in the earth's stratosphere ... would perish as in a domino effect.

Extinction inevitable without strong ocean ecosystems. Craig ‘3 (Robin – Ass Prof of Law @ Indiana – McGeorge Law Rev – lexis)

The world's oceans contain many resources and ... the Black Sea is not necessarily unique.

Their alt cause arguments are wrong – human-produced substances are responsible for ozone depletion. WMO ’98 (World Meterological Organization/National Oceanic and Atoms Admin Scientific Panel – Assessment of Ozone Depletion, Report # 44 -- http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/assessment98/ExecSum98.pdf)

Most of the chlorine in the stratosphere is there...produced chlorine with particle surfaces that enhances ozone depletion in today’s atmosphere.

Advantage 3 is Air Monitoring :

Global air monitoring does not happen now and is vital to check pollution – the major barrier is cost. Full certification is key to affordable air monitoring. Shauck 2000 (et al -- Maxwell Shauck, Department of Aviation Sciences Renewable Aviation Fuels Development Center -- ALCOHOL, AVIATION AND AIR QUALITY: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT – July -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/alcoholandairquality.pdf)

Air pollution monitoring from instrumented ... as a particularly effective educational tool.

Post US certification, aircraft monitoring would get modeled overseas. Shauck 2000 (et al -- Maxwell Shauck, Department of Aviation Sciences Renewable Aviation Fuels Development Center -- ALCOHOL, AVIATION AND AIR QUALITY: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT – July -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/alcoholandairquality.pdf)

The ethanol powered/air quality monitoring Cessna 172 ...of leaded aviation gasoline.

This global transition would create air monitoring in the countries with the greatest air pollution. Alvarez ‘5 (Sergio Alvarez, The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY: A SMALL AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AIRCRAFT POWERED BY ETHANOL -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf)

The utilization of municipal waste, industrial ...ultimately clean air for all people.

The terminal impact to air pollution is extinction. Driesen ‘3 (David, Professor of Law, Syracuse, Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, Fall, 2002 / Spring, 2003, p. LN)

Air pollution can make life unsustainable ... air quality implicates both of these concerns. n5

And air pollution is a primary cause of the recent honeybee crisis Eilperin ‘8 (Juliet, Washington Post Staff Writer, May 5th, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/04/AR2008050401737.html)

Air pollution interferes with the ... known as colony collapse disorder (CCD), in which adult worker bees abandon an otherwise-healthy hive.

The honeybee crisis will lead to extinction Benjamin ‘8 Allison, Author of A World Without Bees, Last flight of the honeybee?, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/may/31/animalwelfare.environment

UK farming minister Lord Rooker, however, ... then man would only have four years of life left."

Contention 3 is Solvency

Lifting certification obstacles levels the playing field, and once it’s leveled, ethanol will eliminate avgas – it’s cheaper and better for the environment. Zanin ‘7 (Grazia Zanin is the Director of Research at the Baylor Institute for Air Science. She holds degrees in Earth Sciences and Environmental Sciences. She has been working in the areas research and development of renewable aviation fuels for the last 20 years. She was a pilot on the first transatlantic flight on ethanol fuel. -- I.M.E.S., The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- The Green Airport Concept and the International Flight Academy on Biofuels – December -- https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5133/1/Grazia_Zanin_Masters.pdf)

Seeing as there are no insurmountable technical obstacles and aviation ... and is renewable and domestically produced.

Transition would be simply – it’s economically advantageous, and there’s already excess ethanol waiting to be consumed. Alvarez ‘5 (Sergio Alvarez, The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY: A SMALL AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AIRCRAFT POWERED BY ETHANOL -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf)

The fuel: The current bulk cost of ethanol in the U. S. ... should be very attractive to the ethanol industry.

Certification is the key incentive – it empirically provides a direct boost to alternative energy in the aviation sector. Zanin ‘7 (Grazia Zanin is the Director of Research at the Baylor Institute for Air Science. She holds degrees in Earth Sciences and Environmental Sciences. She has been working in the areas research and development of renewable aviation fuels for the last 20 years. She was a pilot on the first transatlantic flight on ethanol fuel. -- I.M.E.S., The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- The Green Airport Concept and the International Flight Academy on Biofuels – December -- https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5133/1/Grazia_Zanin_Masters.pdf)

Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, is a renewable fuel produced ... engine and airframe must satisfy FAA requirements.

AvGas No War Version (Read at Woodward)

Contention 1 is Inherency

Massive increases in biofuel production are inevitable – low costs and new plants American Farm Bureau ‘9 (January 12th, “Biofuels Positioned to Grow, But Challenges Loom,” http://www.fb.org/index.php?fuseaction=newsroom.newsfocus&year=2009&file=nr0112c.html; cited within the card is Brooke Coleman, executive director of the New Fuels Alliance and former director of the Renewable Energy Alliance Project)

“Agriculture is the key ...non-grain feedstocks are coming online.

And, new laws ensure that we will triple ethanol production by 2022 Reuters ‘9 (January 9th, http://www.reuters.com/article/smallBusinessNews/idUSTRE50869B20090109)

The 2008 farm law allows USDA ... such as ethanol from cellulose.

Unfortunately, the FAA still maintains a ban on ethanol use in general aviation US Fed News ‘8 (May 30th – lexis)

The Clean Air Act requires that cities ...gasoline at this time.

Thus we propose the following plan:

The Federal Aviation Administration should fully legalize the use of ethanol for commercial purposes in general aviation by clarifying in their certification and permitting process that general aviation engine equipment and general aviation airframes are now fully eligible to operate on so-called “new aviation fuels,” interpreting that phrase to be inclusive of ethanol-blended aviation gasoline.

Advantage 1 is Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol is working now, but continued violations by the US will cause it to unravel. Houder ’3 (VANESSA HOULDER – London-Based enviro correspondent for FT – Financial Times – November 18th)

He fears Washington's position could undermine... scientific basis, technical solutions and costs.

US non-compliance exemptions threaten to unravel the whole Protocol by discouraging compliance of developing nations. ECES ’3 (Earth Crash Earth Spirit – an environmental thinktank website -- July 20th -- http://eces.org/articles/000135.php)

The U.S. demands will go to an ... unravel the whole fabric of the treaty."

The next two years are key – that marks the end of the developing nations’ compliance period Khastagir ‘6 (Anup Khastagir, Climate Change Media Partnership and Senior Reporter for Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha News -- The New Nation, Jan 11th – available via: http://www.cirdap.org/product.asp?pid=189)

The area of the ozone hole varied ...except those for essential uses.

The only thing leaving the US in violation of the Protocol is lead in aviation gasoline – ethanol is the alternative Shauck & Zanin ’98 (M. Schauck & M.G. Zanin – Baylor Institute for Air Science – Implementation of Alternative Bio-Based Fuels in Aviation: The Clean Airports Program – October -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/cleanairportsprogram.pdf)

The phase-out of tetraethyl lead from motor fuel in the U.S., ... also significant environmental benefits.

Continued efficacy of the Montreal Protocol is key to repair the ozone hole – small violations could make the difference and cause complete extinction. South African Weather Service ’03 (Sept 15th -- Commemoration of the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, "World Ozone Day" -- http://www.weathersa.co.za/Pressroom/2003/2003Sep15OzoneDay.jsp)

Since the establishment of the Protocol...is still far from over.

Ozone depletion causes complete extinction – scientific consensus is on our side. Greenpeace ’95 (Full of Holes: Montreal Protocol and the Continuing Destruction of the Ozone Layer -- A GREENPEACE REPORT with contributions from OZONE ACTION -- http://archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/holes/holebg.html)

When chemists Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina...the stakes are literally the continuation of life on earth.

Independently, ozone depletion shatters DNA – jeopardizing the survival of EVERY living thing on earth. Earth & Society ’98 (A Project out of the University of Michigan -- THE OZONE LAYER: IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF OZONE EDUCATION – http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/ozone.htm)

The ozone layer is essential for ... as we know it, to exist.

And, ozone depletion kills plankton – creating a domino effect that shatters ocean life. The Green Community ’1 (An Environmental NGO -- http://www.thegreencommunity.org/mission.html)

As mentioned abouve, ozone naturally forms a layer in the earth's stratosphere ... would perish as in a domino effect.

Extinction inevitable without strong ocean ecosystems. Craig ‘3 (Robin – Ass Prof of Law @ Indiana – McGeorge Law Rev – lexis)

The world's oceans contain many resources and ... the Black Sea is not necessarily unique.

Their alt cause arguments are wrong – human-produced substances are responsible for ozone depletion. WMO ’98 (World Meterological Organization/National Oceanic and Atoms Admin Scientific Panel – Assessment of Ozone Depletion, Report # 44 -- http://www.al.noaa.gov/WWWHD/pubdocs/assessment98/ExecSum98.pdf)

Most of the chlorine in the stratosphere is there...produced chlorine with particle surfaces that enhances ozone depletion in today’s atmosphere.

Advantage 2 is Air Monitoring :

Global air monitoring does not happen now and is vital to check pollution – the major barrier is cost. Full certification is key to affordable air monitoring. Shauck 2000 (et al -- Maxwell Shauck, Department of Aviation Sciences Renewable Aviation Fuels Development Center -- ALCOHOL, AVIATION AND AIR QUALITY: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT – July -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/alcoholandairquality.pdf)

Air pollution monitoring from instrumented ... as a particularly effective educational tool.

Post US certification, aircraft monitoring would get modeled overseas. Shauck 2000 (et al -- Maxwell Shauck, Department of Aviation Sciences Renewable Aviation Fuels Development Center -- ALCOHOL, AVIATION AND AIR QUALITY: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT – July -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/alcoholandairquality.pdf)

The ethanol powered/air quality monitoring Cessna 172 ...of leaded aviation gasoline.

This global transition would create air monitoring in the countries with the greatest air pollution. Alvarez ‘5 (Sergio Alvarez, The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY: A SMALL AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AIRCRAFT POWERED BY ETHANOL -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf)

The utilization of municipal waste, industrial ...ultimately clean air for all people.

The terminal impact to air pollution is extinction. Driesen ‘3 (David, Professor of Law, Syracuse, Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, Fall, 2002 / Spring, 2003, p. LN)

Air pollution can make life unsustainable ... air quality implicates both of these concerns. n5

And air pollution is a primary cause of the recent honeybee crisis Eilperin ‘8 (Juliet, Washington Post Staff Writer, May 5th, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/04/AR2008050401737.html)

Air pollution interferes with the ... known as colony collapse disorder (CCD), in which adult worker bees abandon an otherwise-healthy hive.

The honeybee crisis will lead to extinction Benjamin ‘8 Allison, Author of A World Without Bees, Last flight of the honeybee?, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/may/31/animalwelfare.environment

UK farming minister Lord Rooker, however, ... then man would only have four years of life left."

Contention 3 is Solvency

Lifting certification obstacles levels the playing field, and once it’s leveled, ethanol will eliminate avgas – it’s cheaper and better for the environment. Zanin ‘7 (Grazia Zanin is the Director of Research at the Baylor Institute for Air Science. She holds degrees in Earth Sciences and Environmental Sciences. She has been working in the areas research and development of renewable aviation fuels for the last 20 years. She was a pilot on the first transatlantic flight on ethanol fuel. -- I.M.E.S., The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- The Green Airport Concept and the International Flight Academy on Biofuels – December -- https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5133/1/Grazia_Zanin_Masters.pdf)

Seeing as there are no insurmountable technical obstacles and aviation ... and is renewable and domestically produced.

Transition would be simply – it’s economically advantageous, and there’s already excess ethanol waiting to be consumed. Alvarez ‘5 (Sergio Alvarez, The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY: A SMALL AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AIRCRAFT POWERED BY ETHANOL -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf)

The fuel: The current bulk cost of ethanol in the U. S. ... should be very attractive to the ethanol industry.

Certification is the key incentive – it empirically provides a direct boost to alternative energy in the aviation sector. Zanin ‘7 (Grazia Zanin is the Director of Research at the Baylor Institute for Air Science. She holds degrees in Earth Sciences and Environmental Sciences. She has been working in the areas research and development of renewable aviation fuels for the last 20 years. She was a pilot on the first transatlantic flight on ethanol fuel. -- I.M.E.S., The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- The Green Airport Concept and the International Flight Academy on Biofuels – December -- https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5133/1/Grazia_Zanin_Masters.pdf)

Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, is a renewable fuel produced ... engine and airframe must satisfy FAA requirements.

Contention 4 is No Nuke War

Major war is obsolete – multiple factors prevent escalation and conflict. Mandelbaum, American foreign policy prof @ the Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, 1999 (Michael, “Is Major War Obsolete?”, http://www.ciaonet.org/conf/cfr10/)

My argument says, tacitly, that while this point of view...was previously a cause of conflict and now is far less important.

Nuclear war is survivable JR Nyquist 99, Expert in IR, Specializing in Cold War Studies and Nuclear Survivability, Writer WorldNetDaily, 5-20-1999, “Is nuclear war survivable,” http://www.worldnetdaily.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=6341

I patiently reply to these correspondents that nuclear war ... these weapons would produce few (if any) fallout casualties.

Concern for the biosphere trumps all because it’s an infinite risk scenario – if we destroy the environment, we never get it back. Human concerns are trivial by comparison. Joseph George Caldwell November 21 2000 (supervised economic development projects in the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and Africa, PhD degree in mathematical statistics) "Can America Survive?"

Another popular principle of choice is Bayes’ principle... to play this game one time.

AvGas Neoliberalism Version (Broken Quarters of Woodward by JQ)

Contention 1 is Inherency

Massive increases in biofuel production are inevitable – low costs and new plants American Farm Bureau ‘9 (January 12th, “Biofuels Positioned to Grow, But Challenges Loom,” http://www.fb.org/index.php?fuseaction=newsroom.newsfocus&year=2009&file=nr0112c.html; cited within the card is Brooke Coleman, executive director of the New Fuels Alliance and former director of the Renewable Energy Alliance Project)

“Agriculture is the key ...non-grain feedstocks are coming online.

And, new laws ensure that we will triple ethanol production by 2022 Reuters ‘9 (January 9th, http://www.reuters.com/article/smallBusinessNews/idUSTRE50869B20090109)

The 2008 farm law allows USDA ... such as ethanol from cellulose.

Unfortunately, the FAA still maintains a ban on ethanol use in general aviation US Fed News ‘8 (May 30th – lexis)

The Clean Air Act requires that cities ...gasoline at this time.

Thus we propose the following plan:

The Federal Aviation Administration should legalize the use of Afrikan Jatropha ethanol fuels for commercial purposes in general aviation. More specifically, the Federal Aviation Administration certification and permitting process should clarify that general aviation engine equipment and general aviation airframes are now eligible to operate on Jatropha ethanol aviation gasoline.

Advantage 1 is Neoliberalism

As Africa seeks to trade out of it’s poverty internation trade organization stack against it using a neoliberalist regime. Without the effort of the US Africa’s likelihood to trade out of its situation is slim.

Ky Amoako 4 (www.uneca.org/eca_resources/news/112304_story_kyamoako.pdf)

In the era of globalization ... arrangements stacked against it.

Neolib is preperuated through the unwillingness to stop institutional efforts to oppress the people of color and the unwillingness to recongnize isolated events of racism as the neoliberal machine blindfolds you with a mentality that racism is anachronistic; this continued zenophobia will thwart any progress towards stopping racism

Davis 8 (www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/03/19/219389.htm)

Neoliberalism sees the market as the ... of the nation and the world

Rejecting racism is a moral imperitive that outweighs all other impacts --- conflict and destruction are inevitable within a society that allows it.

Memmi 00 (Albert, Prof. @ U of Paris, Naiteire, Racism, p.163-165)

The struggle against racism ... the stakes are irresistible.

The consiteration of some populations as disposable and irrelevant to the neoliberal machine is the basis for genocide and war, culminating in extinction.

Santos 3 (http://eserver.org/bs/63/santos.html)

The West has repeatedly ... machine of horror and destruction.

Genocide is the worst crime imaginable, understanding that genocide is occurring makes us all bystanders with the potential to intervene. Failure to work against genocide on-face, without delay, constitutes acceptance and complicity. Genocide is worse than any other potential impact and you have an a-prioti obligation to reject it on face even if you method has no definitive endpoint

Vetlesen 00 (Johan, “Genocide: A Case for the responsibility of the bystander” p.520-522)

In cases of genocide, for every person ... to any final and definitive endpoint.

  Removing the barrier is a direct act against the institution – the aff opens the foor for the Afircan Markerts to participate in the United States Eneergy Market wich is the most important power in the current world order. US action is key to stop Neoliberalism worldwide.

Chomsky 7 (www.50years.org/cms/updates/story/33)

But the basic point is that it’s a source ... for the rest of the world to follow.

  Advantage 2 is Air Monitoring :

Global air monitoring does not happen now and is vital to check pollution – the major barrier is cost. Full certification is key to affordable air monitoring. Shauck 2000 (et al -- Maxwell Shauck, Department of Aviation Sciences Renewable Aviation Fuels Development Center -- ALCOHOL, AVIATION AND AIR QUALITY: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT – July -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/alcoholandairquality.pdf)

Air pollution monitoring from instrumented ... as a particularly effective educational tool.

Post US certification, aircraft monitoring would get modeled overseas. Shauck 2000 (et al -- Maxwell Shauck, Department of Aviation Sciences Renewable Aviation Fuels Development Center -- ALCOHOL, AVIATION AND AIR QUALITY: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT – July -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/alcoholandairquality.pdf)

The ethanol powered/air quality monitoring Cessna 172 ...of leaded aviation gasoline.

This global transition would create air monitoring in the countries with the greatest air pollution. Alvarez ‘5 (Sergio Alvarez, The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY: A SMALL AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AIRCRAFT POWERED BY ETHANOL -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf)

The utilization of municipal waste, industrial ...ultimately clean air for all people.

The terminal impact to air pollution is extinction. Driesen ‘3 (David, Professor of Law, Syracuse, Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, Fall, 2002 / Spring, 2003, p. LN)

Air pollution can make life unsustainable ... air quality implicates both of these concerns. n5

And air pollution is a primary cause of the recent honeybee crisis Eilperin ‘8 (Juliet, Washington Post Staff Writer, May 5th, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/04/AR2008050401737.html)

Air pollution interferes with the ... known as colony collapse disorder (CCD), in which adult worker bees abandon an otherwise-healthy hive.

The honeybee crisis will lead to extinction Benjamin ‘8 Allison, Author of A World Without Bees, Last flight of the honeybee?, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/may/31/animalwelfare.environment

UK farming minister Lord Rooker, however, ... then man would only have four years of life left."

Contention 3 is Solvency

Lifting certification obstacles levels the playing field, and once it’s leveled, ethanol will eliminate avgas – it’s cheaper and better for the environment. Zanin ‘7 (Grazia Zanin is the Director of Research at the Baylor Institute for Air Science. She holds degrees in Earth Sciences and Environmental Sciences. She has been working in the areas research and development of renewable aviation fuels for the last 20 years. She was a pilot on the first transatlantic flight on ethanol fuel. -- I.M.E.S., The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- The Green Airport Concept and the International Flight Academy on Biofuels – December -- https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5133/1/Grazia_Zanin_Masters.pdf)

Seeing as there are no insurmountable technical obstacles and aviation ... and is renewable and domestically produced.

Transition would be simply – it’s economically advantageous, and there’s already excess ethanol waiting to be consumed. Alvarez ‘5 (Sergio Alvarez, The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY: A SMALL AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AIRCRAFT POWERED BY ETHANOL -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf)

The fuel: The current bulk cost of ethanol in the U. S. ... should be very attractive to the ethanol industry.

Certification is the key incentive – it empirically provides a direct boost to alternative energy in the aviation sector. Zanin ‘7 (Grazia Zanin is the Director of Research at the Baylor Institute for Air Science. She holds degrees in Earth Sciences and Environmental Sciences. She has been working in the areas research and development of renewable aviation fuels for the last 20 years. She was a pilot on the first transatlantic flight on ethanol fuel. -- I.M.E.S., The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- The Green Airport Concept and the International Flight Academy on Biofuels – December -- https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5133/1/Grazia_Zanin_Masters.pdf)

Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, is a renewable fuel produced ... engine and airframe must satisfy FAA requirements.

Jatropha Beans can be easily grown in Africa – perfect environment and climate zone. AJ 8 (www.africanjatropha.com)

The most important factor is that ... translate to more jobs.

AvGas China Advantage

The limited availability of avgas hampers balanced economic growth within China – it specifically jacks growth in the underdeveloped Northeast. Flight International ‘4 (October 26, 2004 -- http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2004/10/26/189325/taking-flight.html) "General aviation in China… supply 100LL avgas at a reasonable cost.

The growth of General Aviation is important for rural economic growth in China. The Economist ’4 (December 4, 2004 – lexis) That is changing as China's leaders… general aviation generates in America.

China’s Overall Economy and its Urban Economy are surging now – but lagging rural growth is creating tension. The Standard ’5 (The Standard: China’s Business Paper – March 5th -- http://www.thestandard.com.hk/stdn/std/China/GC05Ad01.html) China's per-capita disposable incomes in towns… December from 43 percent in the first quarter.

Uneven Chinese growth causes implosion – Beijing won’t be able to peacefully resolve this. Bi ’03 (Bi Jianhi has recently completed his doctorate at the University of Canterbury's Department of Political Science. New Zealand International Review March 1, 2003) Unparalleled challenges The new Chinese leadership faces… reforms, mainly in the political arena.

Both scenarios escalate to nuclear wars involving India, the US, Britain, and China. Given population counts, this is the greatest security risk on Earth. Klintworth ’94 (Gary – former Senior Researcher at the Northeast Asia Project – Australian Journal of International Affairs – November – page 219) “China also has many problems…risk to regional and global security.”

Post-plan – China will change from avgas to ethanol for two reasons:

First: the plan gets modeled globally. Our warrants are uniquely true in rural China. Shauck ’98 (et al -- Max – Renewable Aviation Fuel Development Center – Dept of Aviation Sciences @ Baylor – Transitioning to Biomass Fuels in General Aviation -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/transitiontobiomass.pdf) The demise of lead in the aviation gasoline in… unwarranted price climbs.

Second - China will specifically model US General Aviation policies – the FAA’s exchange program confirms. Flight International ’4 (October 26, 2004) The Chinese government formed… general aviation growing in China."

AvGas Agriculture Advantage

Scenario One: Economy Fuel Costs in the Ag Sector multiply food prices and create chaos throughout the global farming community. Dahlberg ’97 (Kenneth A. – editor of Agriculture & Human Values – MLT Newsletter – originally published in The Neighborhood Works – and in Food Flight – Feb/March -- page 14 – obtained via http://www.michiganlandtrust.org/newslet2.htm) What restructuring? Current agriculture… least in those few regions where studies have been done).

Prices are rising quickly now, and this is the vital internal link to US consumer confidence. Spencer ‘8 (Naomi – quoting economic data gathered by the Boston Globe and the Argus Research Corporation – World Socialist Website – March 12th -- http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/mar2008/food-m12.shtml.) In the US, rising prices have… forced to cut back their spending on other products.

And, the fuel costs associated with ag-planes are particularly significant. McCoy ’04 (not Jack of Law & Order fame -- Casey McCoy, director of all fire activities for the Kansas Forest Service. Kansas Canopy -- Summer http://www.kansasforests.org/pubs/kscanopy/2004summer.pdf) In addition, fuel for turbine powered… when not in use during fire suppression.

US Consumer confidence is key to the global economy. Fund Strategy ‘8 (April 14, 2008 – lexis) The US credit crunch is having an… most important single driver of global economic activity. The impact is extinction Bearden ’00 Scenario 2: Starvation Independently, US prices drive up global food prices Reuter’s ‘8 (June 28th -- available via Javno website -- http://www.javno.com/en/world/clanak.php?id=159941.) Corn prices at the Chicago Board of Trade… bankers to food aid groups

And, High food prices kill billions. Power ’96 (Paul Power Jr. – quoting Pinstrup-Anderson; Director of the International Food policy Research Institute in Washington DC – Power is on the Staff of the Tampa Tribune – Tampa Tribune – Jan 20th) “On a global scale, food supplies…half of their income on food”

Ag Planes are crucial to the prosperity of US and global agriculture. Aerospace America ’3 (July, 2003 – lexis) The United States and most developed countries…. over present aircraft at reduced costs.

Transitioning away Avgas to Ethanol is vital for Ag Planes and stable farming in the US. Shauck ‘94 (et al, Max Shauck is the head of the Baylor Institute for Aviation Sciences -- Certification of an Agricultural Spray Aircraft on Ethanol Fuel,” Proceedings of The Sixth National Bioenergy Conference, Reno/Sparks, Nevada, October 2-6, 1994. -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/agriculturalsprayaircraft.pdf) Since ethanol is for the most… performing alternative to avgas.

Prosperous US Ag is key to feeding the globe. NASULGC ‘99 (National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, “Global Food Issues”, http://www.nasulgc.org/foodsociety/Global401.PDF) The food sector accounts for…. products to the most affluent consumers.

Global food shortages make resource wars inevitable and tech shortcuts won’t solve them. Rosenberger ’97 (Dr. Leif Roderick Rosenberger has been the professor of economics at the US Army War College since 1989. He is currently on sabbatical leave and is a visiting scholar on the economics faculty at Harvard University. Parameters – Spring -- http://carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/97spring/rosenbe.htm) Even if a world food crisis… major and enduring crisis in the early decades of the next century.

This “famine-resource war combo” would kill hundreds of millions and cause multiple nuclear wars. Pfeiffer ’4 (Dale Allen Pfeiffer -- not Damien Pfister -- Contributing Editor for Energy for From the Wilderness Publications, and a published author – including titles such as The End of the Oil Age -- Global Climate Change and Peak Oil http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ww3/041304_climate_change_pt1.html) From such a shift, the report claims…. gas cliff.

Jesus Affirmative (Broken at MBA by JQ)

CONTENTION ONE: THE NIHILISM OF THE STATUS QUO

Politics is a process of imagination. Federal offices, the armed forces, tax forms are all processes that are not natural but rather a matter of practice. This practice has segregated Church and State, praying to the false idol of secular politics rather than the holy trinity, making violence much more abundant, arbitrary, and meaningless.

Cavanaugh 03 (William, phd theology Cambridge, “Theopolitical Imagination,” p. 1-8, Sydnor)

Politics is a practice of the imagination. Sometimes politics... irruption of the Kingdom into historical time and the disruptive presence of Christ the King to the politics of the world.

As the modern state began to replace God, humanity divided itself based on nationalism, race, class, and other identities. This logic has produced endless demarcations that fuels an egoistic cosmology that blinds us to the suffering of others. Rather than providing a promised peace, the state has made violence and oppression much more frequent and arbitrary.

Cavanaugh 03 (William, phd theology Cambridge, “Theopolitical Imagination,” p. 15-39, Sydnor)

The primeval stories told by the classical theorists of ... of a civil religion to bind the citizen to the state.

This could be no more obvious than our current energy policy as the environment and world’s poorest pay the price for US fossil fuel consumption. Our government and people refuse to take responsibility for our lavish lifestyle; the global South remains absent from our calculations, signifying a total retreat from Christianity.

Kairos 07 (Eco and Religious Justice organization, “Re-Energizing the Future,” http://www.kairoscanada.org/e/ecology/climateChange/EnergyPolicyPaper_KAIROS_December2007.pdf)

In imagining an ecologically just future, we will need to ... rich and poor and between the global North and South.

Thus, my partner and I are Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase alternative energy incentives.

CONTENTION II: THEOPOLITICS

Our affirmation is a politics of hope that prophecizes possibilities without our sinful consumption of oil. Incentivizing alternative energies responds to our brothers and sisters under God and formulates a new conception of the state that is necessary for any form of authentic justice.

Norton 06 (Sam, ordained priest in the Church of England; presently Rector of West Mersea and three other parishes on the Essex coast worked as a Civil servant in the UK on environmental matters; studied philosophy and theology at Oxford and Cambridge, “Prophecy and Peak Oil,” January 6)

One of the central strands of Christian thinking ... which will sustain us through the transition period in the wilderness; and vii) trust in God.

Metaphysics are inevitable but absent an appeal to a transcendent God any metaphysics is rendered hopelessly meaningless for it treats being as a given as opposed to a gift.

Cunningham 99 (Conor, “Language: Wittgenstein after Theology” Radical Orthodox7, p. 64-5, Sydnor)

This essay attempts to examine the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein from a ... and so his work remains open to the critique offered here, even though in many ways he came close to doing so.

We are the best answer to violence: politics of Christ restores unity to humanity as we recognize that the Other is a son or daughter of God.

Cavanaugh 99 (William T, Author and Assistant Professor of Theology at the University of St. Thomas, Radical Orthodoxy, “The City: Beyond the Secular Parodies,” p. 183-5, Sydnor)

Cain’s fratricide, the wickedness of Noah’s generation, ... no common weal where God is not truly worshipped. 8

Negative

DeDevelopment

Turn: Dedevelopment

A. It’s occurring now—Global economic collapse within years Chris H. Lewis ‘2, Professor of American Studies at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2002, in On the Edge of Scarcity, Dobkowski and Wallimann, eds, pp. 25-26

The First World’s failure to ... will see its final collapse.

B. Transition now survivable—boosting 1st world economies causes neocolonial war during the collapse causing extinction. Chris H. Lewis ‘98, Professor of American Studies at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 1998, in The Coming Age of Scarcity, ed Dobkowski and Wallimann, p 56-57

Most critics would argue, probably correctly... the collapse of global civilization.

We also read it is a Disadvantage:

A. Dedevelopment is occurring now—Global economic collapse within years Chris H. Lewis ‘2, Professor of American Studies at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2002, in On the Edge of Scarcity, Dobkowski and Wallimann, eds, pp. 25-26

The First World’s failure to modernize ...will see its final collapse.

B. Renewable energy projects destroy inevitable movements towards de-development. Holding on to first world economies of limitless growth makes solvency impossible and ensures injustice. Only dedevelopment can actually solve the aff.

Ted Trainer ‘7, Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the School of Social Work, University of New South Wales, January 2007, Renewable Energy: No Solution for Consumer Society, The International Journal of INCLUSIVE DEMOCRACY, vol.3, no.1

All of the above references ... can sustain consumer-capitalist society.

C. Failure to dedevelop ensures global pandemics and extinction Frank Ryan ‘97, M.D., 1997, virus X, p. 366

How might the human race appear ... extinction of the human species?  

Warming Turns

Turn: Crabs

A) Horseshoe crabs are a keystone species on the verge of extinction Earle 91, Marine Biologist and Explorer-in-Residence at National Geographic Society [Sylvia, “Sharks, squids, and horseshoe crabs - the significance of marine biodiversity,” BioScience, Jul/Aug, Vol. 47, No. 7, p. 506, InfoTrac]

The ancient line of Merostomates... ecological significance, something important may slide through the cracks of our logic.

B) Warming will drastically increase horseshoe crab populations Michaels 04, Research Professor of Environmental Sciences at University of Virginia [Patrick, Meltdown: the predictable distortion of global warming by scientists, politicians, and the media, p. 80-81]

In addition, the WWF claims "global warming could cause ... and the economy.

C) Marine biodiversity is key to life on the planet Craig 03, Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law [Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, p. 264-266, LN] bg

Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving ...fishers go out of business as a result.

Turn: SO2

Reductions is fossil fuel use will eliminate SO2’s cooling effects triggering rapid warming for decades New York Times 2 / 7 / 91

Efforts to head off a predicted ... dies away rapidly once emissions stop.

Terror Turns

Turn: China

Absence of terrorism is pushing us towards China Bashing Economy 4 – Senior Fellow and Director of Asia Studies, CFR (Elizabeth, Don't Break the Engagement, Foreign Affairs , May/June, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20040501faessay83309/elizabeth-economy/don-t-break-the-engagement.html?mode=print,

After almost three years of calm, the American ...that engagement works -- if not exactly in the way its advocates predicted.

Trade conflict with China causes hot war Ben Landy, Ben Landy, Director of Research and Strategy at the Atlantic Media Company, publisher of the Atlantic Monthly, National Journal, and Government Executive magazines. Landy served in various research and project management positions at the Brookings Institution and Center for Strategic and International Studies, two leading public policy think tanks in Washington, D.C. Ben holds a bachelor of arts degree from Yale University. April 3, 2007, http://chinaredux.com/2007/04/03/protectionism-and-war/#comments,

The greatest threat for the 21st century is ...budgets and anti-satellite tests.

Hot war with China ensures extinction STRAIT TIMES, June 25, 2K, Pg. l/n

THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait...see the destruction of civilization.

XO CP

Text: The President of the United States should issue an executive order _____________________.

Contention 1 Solvency

Executive orders have had a substantial role in formulating alternative energy policy Ginocchio 08 Alaine, Author and Project Leader, “The Boundaries of Executive Authority: An Evaluation of Priority Proposals from the Presidential Climate Action Plan”, Center for Energy & Environmental Security, University of Colorado Law School Vol. 2, 7/17/08

Each of these executive orders ... subject matter of executive orders.

Contention 2 Presidential Powers

Use of executive order is key to maintaining presidential powers Mayer 01 Kenneth R., Professor of political science at University of Wisconsin-Madison, With the Stroke of a Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power, Princeton University Press, p.28-29, 2001

This theoretical perspective offered by the ... they have no control.

Presidential powers key to solving numerous global problems and preserving hegemony Deans 00 Bob Deans, “The American Presidency: White House Power Growing”, The Atlanta Journal Constitution, 1/23/00

Yet the U.S. presidency,... A Century's Journey, that elaborates on the theme.

U.S. hegemony prevents nuclear war Khalilizad 95 Zalmay Khalilizad, director of the Strategy and Doctrine Program @ RAND & former US Ambassador to Afghanistan "Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War," Washington Quarterly, Spring, Proquest

Under the third option, the United States ... than a bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system.

Neohumanism Kritik

A) The paradigm of the affirmative is flawed; their promotion of a biased and sentimental utilitarianism is the foundation for racial and social prejudice and it has led to the destruction of our environment. By always looking to ourselves or our personal “class” we merely perpetuate this false system of logic that will lead to extinction.

Dada Vedaprajinananda, Writer for Amanda Marga, 8-22-2008, Global spiritual and social service organization, “Expanding Neohumanism” http://www.anandamarga.org/articles/neohumanism.htm

One of the important factors in ... it inhospitable for all forms of life.

B) Our alternative is to shift the aff’s paradigm from the dogmatic and selfish utilitarianism to one that embraces a global equality through personal questioning of motives and implications

Prout College, 5-02-2007, Prout Institute of Australia Incorporated, “Neohumanism, Policy Making, and Contemporary Issues)

While beginning with conventional policy making ... particular interests to unit participants.

T-Nukes

A. Interpretation—alternative energy does not include nuclear Christopher Simon, Ph.D. in political science, professor at the University of Nevada at Reno, specializes in renewable energy policy, adjunct faculty member in the Justice Management program at the Grant Sawyer Center for Justice Studies, 2007, Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social Feasibility, p. 39

The federal definition of alternative energy ... or nuclear power.”

B. Violation—the Affirmative offers incentives for nuclear reprocessing, not alternative energy

C. Vote negative for fairness, education, and competitive equity

1. Predictable Limits- They explode the definition of alternative energy, if we can’t predict what the topic is, then we can’t do research, this kills clash which is key to education and fairness

2. Bright-Line- Our interpretation offers a clear delineation of what is and what isn’t alternative energy

Alien DA

A) Alternative energy is declining right now Investment News, 3-22-09, Alternative-energy investments on back burner, http://www.investmentnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090322/REG/303229971/1020

Most people would probably rather ... that alternatives are starting to look more like luxury items than necessities.

B) The cries of the affirmative for alternative energy causes aliens to launch full scale invasion Montalk.Net, 11-08-08, http://montalk.net/alien/150/discerning-alien-disinformation-part-5

Economic, political, and environmental problems that took root... this anticipated rather than feared.

C) Alien attacks cause extinction of all life on Earth Travis S Taylor (PhD in Optical Science and Engineering, Masters in Physics, Aerospace Engineering, and Electrical Engineering, worked for DoD and NASA for 16 years,) and Bob Boan (PhD, has worked on multiple manned and unmanned space programs, taught chemistry from high school through grad school, space communication expert, has published multiple technical publications,) An Introduction to Planetary Defense, 2006, p 121

Relatively primitive conquerors, if they want to maintain ... adapted rapidly to the new environment.

"The" PIC

Text: United States federal government should __________________________________________________________________________________________.

Observation 1: Competition — Any permutation severs the inclusion of ‘the.’ Severance guts all negative link ground making it functionally impossible to win on the neg. Any permutation must be theoretically justified in the 2ac—sandbagging to the 1ar destroys argument development and cost-benefit analysis and is an independent reason to vote neg

Observation 2: Net Benefit -

The distinction is not trivial—these littlest details determine our everyday language, the definite article “the” before United States federal government fixes identity to a cartographic inscription of the state.

Thrift, 2k (Nigel, prof of geography @ U of Bristol, Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought, p383-385)

Let us finally come to one more arena: the arena of ... constant hum of practices and their attendant territorializations within which geopower ferments and sometimes boils over.

This desire to formulate binaries results in the perpetual annihilation of the “outsiders”—this turns case by creating self-fulfilling prophecies.

Campbell, 1998 (David, prof of international politics @ U of Newcastle, Writing Security, p.49-51)

In fostering an evangelism of fear, with death ... in the process to the temptation to treat difference as otherness.

Existentialism Kritik

The freedom of the individual is dead. The 1AC is an illusion of change through the management of others’ behaviors. This methodology is the ultimate deferral of agency and creates a never-ending wait for an institutional remedy that will never arrive. We have forgotten the question of “who we should be” for the question of “what others should do,” making the suffering they outline inevitable while eclipsing our subjectivity.

Sartre 57 (Jean Paul, Existentialism and Human Emotions, 29-32, gender edited)

"As for despair, the term...nothing else than one’s life.”

Attempts to quantify suffering and create illusory political banners are the foundation for escapist existence. This destroys subjectivity when we impose our views of the world or allow others to impose their views on us. When we’ve lost our subjectivity by reifying all these representations, we become subhuman and lose the capacity to resist abusive control. This is the foundation for all wars and violence.

DeBeauvoir 47, gendered language said in context (Simone, French philosopher, “Personal Freedom and Others” The Ethics of Ambiguity)

"Yet, he exists. By the fact...which one claims are absolute. "

We offer an alternative and competitive framework: Vote negative in order to reclaim your subjectivity. The question of this debate should be one of methodologies. To vote negative is to reclaim your agency and end the eternal wait. Use the ballot to decide your personal ontology as if it would be universally adopted rather than deferring to institutional change.

Sartre 57' (Jean-Paul, Existentialism and Human Emotions, 15-21, gender edited)

"Atheistic existentialism, which I represent...from action, but is part of action itself."

Nuclear Power Tradeoff DA

A. Nuclear power is inevitable globally – the only question is whether the U.S. stays involved and increases capacity. Currently the US is on track to continue its nuclear power development. Rowley 8 (Anthony, The Business Times Singapore, “US official sees global push towards nuke power,” 5/23, lexis)

A MASSIVE global expansion of the role of nuclear power ... prevent a proliferation of nuclear weapons.

B. Increasing renewable investment decreases demand for nuclear power and makes it less competitive – this tradesoff with new nuclear investment Asselstine 8 – Managing Director at Lehman Brothers (James, CQ Congressional Testimony, 4/23, lexis) //DH

Fifth, the companies and investors will require ...the region in which the plant will be located.

C. Continued U.S. domestic nuclear power expansion is critical to nuclear and nonproliferation leadership Buckner and Sanders 1 *Chair of the ANS Special Committee on Nuclear Nonproliferation AND **Vice-Chair of SCNN and Manager, Nuclear Initiatives, at Sandia National Laboratories (M. R., and Thomas, Enhancing global nuclear proliferation management with a strong U.S. nuclear enterprise Nuclear News February, L/n, rday)

Many of the leaders of the United States ... to act is now -- before a catastrophe occurs."

D. Proliferation leads to extinction. Victor A Utgoff, Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of Institute for Defense Analysis, Summer 2002, Survival, p.87-90

In sum, widespread proliferation is likely ... dead cities or even whole nations.

EFCA DA

A) EFCA blocked now by dissenting moderate Democrats

US Newswire, 3-11-09, “Democrat Leadership Is Already Facing Opposition To Card Check From Within Its Own Party, says Republican National Committee”, AOL News, http://news.aol.com/article/democrat-leadership-is-already-facing/378272?icid=sphere_wsj_teaser Yesterday, Democrats Rolled Out Their Card ...they need for approval."

B) More specifically- Blue Dog democrats are retreating from the bill

Kevin Bodargus, 2-24-09, “Blue Dogs seek Senate cover on card-check”, http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/blue-dogs-seek-senate-cover-on-card-check-2009-02-24.html The bill has more than enough ... would be for real now.”

C) Alternative energy policies would be a concession to Blue Dogs

Jennifer Bischoff, staff writer, 2-25-09, “Matheson to lead Blue Dog energy panel”, http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_11785958

Utah Democratic Rep. Jim Matheson was named ... as an energy consultant.

D) Card Check would destroy the already reeling economy.

Phil Kerpen, director of policy for Americans for Prosperity, contributing editor for National Review Online, chairman of the Internet Freedom Coalition, op-eds have run in the Wall Street Journal, former policy director and acting executive director for the Free Enterprise Fund, former analyst and researcher for the Club for Growth, the Woodhill Foundation, and the Cato Institute, Human Events, "Card Check Bill Includes Another Economy Killer" 3-12- 2009

Under EFCA, the bargaining process could still ... existence of our free market system. The binding-arbitration power grab in EFCA must be stopped.

E) Global nuclear war from the current U.S. economic crisis is imminent; it’s try-or-die for the negative

Philadelphia Weekly Press, staff writer and political activist, 10-22-08, “What to do when the economy crashes: Thoughts from Kathy Change”, Editor, http://www.weeklypress.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=1&twindow=&mad=&sdetail=941& wpage=1&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=2392&hn=weeklypress&he=.com

Soon the economy will collapse. As you know, America relies ...of the rest of the world.

Capitalism Kritik

Alternative energy politics are designed as “magic bullets” to solve the problems of capitalism without disrupting market-logic that are the heart of their harms. Magdoff 08 (Fred Magdoff, 2008 (Monthly Review, “The Political Economy and Ecology of Biofuels” p://www.monthlyreview.org/080714magdoff.php)

The huge increase in oil and other ... annual usage continues to decline.

The inherent use-value within the capitalist order negates the value to life and makes genocide and extinction inevitable. Kovel 02 (Joel, Professor of Social Studies at Bard, The Enemy of Nature, pg 140-141)

The precondition of an ecologically ... losses are regrettable necessities.

Our alternative is to not do the affirmative. Reform of the system is not the answer. Only a rejection of capitalism and a refusal to participate in its policies can destroy the system. Herod 04 (James Herod author of several books on capitalism and social activist since 1968 Getting Free 2004 http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)

It is time to try to describe...democratically and cooperatively self-determine the shape of their social world.

Qatar LNG DA

Qatar is boosting LNG production now – the U.S. is the primary market The Hindustan Times, 4-9-08, “Qatar aims to raise LNG output to 77 million tons in two years”

Qatar has aimed to raise production ... exceed 60 billion dollars.

U.S. market is key – Qatar has pinned its hopes on a premium market for its LNG in the U.S. Amy M. Jaffe et al., Fellow for Energy Studies at Rice University, Mark H. Hayes, Research Fellow with the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development at Stanford, and David G. Victor, adjunct senior fellow for science and technology at Council on Foreign Relations, 2006, Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040, “Conclusions,” pg. 470-471

Several nations in the Middle East - such as Qatar... gas supplies from around the world.

Renewable energy will directly reduce LNG prices Dr. Ryan Wiser, staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and member of the Scientists and Policy Group at Lawrence, 3-5-05, “Easing the Natural Gas Crisis: Reducing Natural Gas Prices Through Electricity Supply Diversification Testimony Prepared for a Hearing on Power Generation Resource Incentives & Diversity Standards” Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/ems/reports/Senate-Testimony.pdf

With the recent run-up in natural gas prices... impact of that diversification on natural gas prices and bills.

High LNG profits allow Qatar to boost regional influence and secure peace in the Middle East The Economist, 6-7-08, “International: Small country, big ideas; Qatar,” p. 64

Most of that wealth came easily... double in the next five years.

Middle East war goes nuclear, results in genocide James Forest, director of terrorism studies at the U.S. Military Academy and writer forThe Futurist, 9-1-07, "War Is a No-Win Scenario", http://www.mywire.com/pubs/TheFuturist/2007/09/01/4296533?page=5

A regional war in the Middle East ... and Asia following World War II.

Negative DeDevelopment Turn: Dedevelopment

A. It’s occurring now—Global economic collapse within years Chris H. Lewis ‘2, Professor of American Studies at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2002, in On the Edge of Scarcity, Dobkowski and Wallimann, eds, pp. 25-26

The First World’s failure to ... will see its final collapse.

B. Transition now survivable—boosting 1st world economies causes neocolonial war during the collapse causing extinction. Chris H. Lewis ‘98, Professor of American Studies at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 1998, in The Coming Age of Scarcity, ed Dobkowski and Wallimann, p 56-57

Most critics would argue, probably correctly... the collapse of global civilization.

We also read it is a Disadvantage:

A. Dedevelopment is occurring now—Global economic collapse within years Chris H. Lewis ‘2, Professor of American Studies at the University of Colorado-Boulder, 2002, in On the Edge of Scarcity, Dobkowski and Wallimann, eds, pp. 25-26

The First World’s failure to modernize ...will see its final collapse.

B. Renewable energy projects destroy inevitable movements towards de-development. Holding on to first world economies of limitless growth makes solvency impossible and ensures injustice. Only dedevelopment can actually solve the aff.

Ted Trainer ‘7, Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the School of Social Work, University of New South Wales, January 2007, Renewable Energy: No Solution for Consumer Society, The International Journal of INCLUSIVE DEMOCRACY, vol.3, no.1

All of the above references ... can sustain consumer-capitalist society.

C. Failure to dedevelop ensures global pandemics and extinction Frank Ryan ‘97, M.D., 1997, virus X, p. 366

How might the human race appear ... extinction of the human species?  

Warming Turns Turn: Crabs

A) Horseshoe crabs are a keystone species on the verge of extinction Earle 91, Marine Biologist and Explorer-in-Residence at National Geographic Society [Sylvia, “Sharks, squids, and horseshoe crabs - the significance of marine biodiversity,” BioScience, Jul/Aug, Vol. 47, No. 7, p. 506, InfoTrac]

The ancient line of Merostomates... ecological significance, something important may slide through the cracks of our logic.

B) Warming will drastically increase horseshoe crab populations Michaels 04, Research Professor of Environmental Sciences at University of Virginia [Patrick, Meltdown: the predictable distortion of global warming by scientists, politicians, and the media, p. 80-81]

In addition, the WWF claims "global warming could cause ... and the economy.

C) Marine biodiversity is key to life on the planet Craig 03, Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law [Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, p. 264-266, LN] bg

Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments for conserving ...fishers go out of business as a result.

Turn: SO2

Reductions is fossil fuel use will eliminate SO2’s cooling effects triggering rapid warming for decades New York Times 2 / 7 / 91

Efforts to head off a predicted ... dies away rapidly once emissions stop.

Heg Turns Turn: Disease

a. Preeminence makes solving diseases like bird flu impossible – only multipolarity reduces global resentment enough to allow for responses to pandemics Steven Weber, Professor of Political Science at UC-Berkeley and Director of the Institute of International Studies, et. al., January-February 2007, Foreign Policy

The same is true for global public ... change that alone.

B. Unchecked disease means extinction South China Morning Post, 1-4-1996 (Dr. Ben Abraham= “called "one of the 100 greatest minds in history" by super-IQ society Mensa” and owner of “Toronto-based biotechnology company, Structured Biologicals Inc” according to same article)

Despite the importance of the discovery of ...imperil the survival of the human race," he said.

Turn: Economy

a. Hegemony destroys the economy – overhead costs of primacy drag growth down despite low absolute levels of defense spending Christopher Layne, associate professor of International Affairs at the Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University, Summer 1997, International Security, Vol. 22, No. 1, p. 110-111

Is the strategy of preponderance ... critical economic resource.”

B. Economic decline means extinction Lt. Col, Tom Bearden, PhD Nuclear Engineering, April 25, 2000, http://www.cheniere.org/correspondence/042500%20-%20modified.htm

Just prior to the terrible ... or some modified version of it, resulting.

Turn: Proliferation

A. U.S. primacy causes nuclear prolif Steven Weber, Professor of Political Science at UC-Berkeley and Director of the Institute of International Studies, et. al., January-February 2007, Foreign Policy

The world is paying a heavy price ...he took too long to get to the same place.

B. That causes nuclear war Samuel Totten, Associate Professor in the College of Education at the University of Arkansas, The Widening Circle of Genocide, 1994, p. 289 There are numerous dangers inherent...of a renegade government.

Terror Turns Turn: China

Absence of terrorism is pushing us towards China Bashing Economy 4 – Senior Fellow and Director of Asia Studies, CFR (Elizabeth, Don't Break the Engagement, Foreign Affairs , May/June, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20040501faessay83309/elizabeth-economy/don-t-break-the-engagement.html?mode=print,

After almost three years of calm, the American ...that engagement works -- if not exactly in the way its advocates predicted.

Trade conflict with China causes hot war Ben Landy, Ben Landy, Director of Research and Strategy at the Atlantic Media Company, publisher of the Atlantic Monthly, National Journal, and Government Executive magazines. Landy served in various research and project management positions at the Brookings Institution and Center for Strategic and International Studies, two leading public policy think tanks in Washington, D.C. Ben holds a bachelor of arts degree from Yale University. April 3, 2007, http://chinaredux.com/2007/04/03/protectionism-and-war/#comments,

The greatest threat for the 21st century is ...budgets and anti-satellite tests.

Hot war with China ensures extinction STRAIT TIMES, June 25, 2K, Pg. l/n

THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait...see the destruction of civilization.

XO CP Text: The President of the United States should issue an executive order _____________________.

Contention 1 Solvency

Executive orders have had a substantial role in formulating alternative energy policy Ginocchio 08 Alaine, Author and Project Leader, “The Boundaries of Executive Authority: An Evaluation of Priority Proposals from the Presidential Climate Action Plan”, Center for Energy & Environmental Security, University of Colorado Law School Vol. 2, 7/17/08

Each of these executive orders ... subject matter of executive orders.

Contention 2 Presidential Powers

Use of executive order is key to maintaining presidential powers Mayer 01 Kenneth R., Professor of political science at University of Wisconsin-Madison, With the Stroke of a Pen: Executive Orders and Presidential Power, Princeton University Press, p.28-29, 2001

This theoretical perspective offered by the ... they have no control.

Presidential powers key to solving numerous global problems and preserving hegemony Deans 00 Bob Deans, “The American Presidency: White House Power Growing”, The Atlanta Journal Constitution, 1/23/00

Yet the U.S. presidency,... A Century's Journey, that elaborates on the theme.

U.S. hegemony prevents nuclear war Khalilizad 95 Zalmay Khalilizad, director of the Strategy and Doctrine Program @ RAND & former US Ambassador to Afghanistan "Losing the Moment? The United States and the World After the Cold War," Washington Quarterly, Spring, Proquest

Under the third option, the United States ... than a bipolar or a multipolar balance of power system.

Neohumanism Kritik A) The paradigm of the affirmative is flawed; their promotion of a biased and sentimental utilitarianism is the foundation for racial and social prejudice and it has led to the destruction of our environment. By always looking to ourselves or our personal “class” we merely perpetuate this false system of logic that will lead to extinction.

Dada Vedaprajinananda, Writer for Amanda Marga, 8-22-2008, Global spiritual and social service organization, “Expanding Neohumanism” http://www.anandamarga.org/articles/neohumanism.htm

One of the important factors in ... it inhospitable for all forms of life.

B) Our alternative is to shift the aff’s paradigm from the dogmatic and selfish utilitarianism to one that embraces a global equality through personal questioning of motives and implications

Prout College, 5-02-2007, Prout Institute of Australia Incorporated, “Neohumanism, Policy Making, and Contemporary Issues)

While beginning with conventional policy making ... particular interests to unit participants.

T-Nukes A. Interpretation—alternative energy does not include nuclear Christopher Simon, Ph.D. in political science, professor at the University of Nevada at Reno, specializes in renewable energy policy, adjunct faculty member in the Justice Management program at the Grant Sawyer Center for Justice Studies, 2007, Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social Feasibility, p. 39

The federal definition of alternative energy ... or nuclear power.”

B. Violation—the Affirmative offers incentives for nuclear reprocessing, not alternative energy

C. Vote negative for fairness, education, and competitive equity

1. Predictable Limits- They explode the definition of alternative energy, if we can’t predict what the topic is, then we can’t do research, this kills clash which is key to education and fairness

2. Bright-Line- Our interpretation offers a clear delineation of what is and what isn’t alternative energy

Alien DA A) Alternative energy is declining right now Investment News, 3-22-09, Alternative-energy investments on back burner, http://www.investmentnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090322/REG/303229971/1020

Most people would probably rather ... that alternatives are starting to look more like luxury items than necessities.

B) The cries of the affirmative for alternative energy causes aliens to launch full scale invasion Montalk.Net, 11-08-08, http://montalk.net/alien/150/discerning-alien-disinformation-part-5

Economic, political, and environmental problems that took root... this anticipated rather than feared.

C) Alien attacks cause extinction of all life on Earth Travis S Taylor (PhD in Optical Science and Engineering, Masters in Physics, Aerospace Engineering, and Electrical Engineering, worked for DoD and NASA for 16 years,) and Bob Boan (PhD, has worked on multiple manned and unmanned space programs, taught chemistry from high school through grad school, space communication expert, has published multiple technical publications,) An Introduction to Planetary Defense, 2006, p 121

Relatively primitive conquerors, if they want to maintain ... adapted rapidly to the new environment.

"The" PIC Text: United States federal government should __________________________________________________________________________________________.

Observation 1: Competition — Any permutation severs the inclusion of ‘the.’ Severance guts all negative link ground making it functionally impossible to win on the neg. Any permutation must be theoretically justified in the 2ac—sandbagging to the 1ar destroys argument development and cost-benefit analysis and is an independent reason to vote neg

Observation 2: Net Benefit -

The distinction is not trivial—these littlest details determine our everyday language, the definite article “the” before United States federal government fixes identity to a cartographic inscription of the state.

Thrift, 2k (Nigel, prof of geography @ U of Bristol, Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought, p383-385)

Let us finally come to one more arena: the arena of ... constant hum of practices and their attendant territorializations within which geopower ferments and sometimes boils over.

This desire to formulate binaries results in the perpetual annihilation of the “outsiders”—this turns case by creating self-fulfilling prophecies.

Campbell, 1998 (David, prof of international politics @ U of Newcastle, Writing Security, p.49-51)

In fostering an evangelism of fear, with death ... in the process to the temptation to treat difference as otherness.

Existentialism Kritik The freedom of the individual is dead. The 1AC is an illusion of change through the management of others’ behaviors. This methodology is the ultimate deferral of agency and creates a never-ending wait for an institutional remedy that will never arrive. We have forgotten the question of “who we should be” for the question of “what others should do,” making the suffering they outline inevitable while eclipsing our subjectivity.

Sartre 57 (Jean Paul, Existentialism and Human Emotions, 29-32, gender edited)

"As for despair, the term...nothing else than one’s life.”

Attempts to quantify suffering and create illusory political banners are the foundation for escapist existence. This destroys subjectivity when we impose our views of the world or allow others to impose their views on us. When we’ve lost our subjectivity by reifying all these representations, we become subhuman and lose the capacity to resist abusive control. This is the foundation for all wars and violence.

DeBeauvoir 47, gendered language said in context (Simone, French philosopher, “Personal Freedom and Others” The Ethics of Ambiguity)

"Yet, he exists. By the fact...which one claims are absolute. "

We offer an alternative and competitive framework: Vote negative in order to reclaim your subjectivity. The question of this debate should be one of methodologies. To vote negative is to reclaim your agency and end the eternal wait. Use the ballot to decide your personal ontology as if it would be universally adopted rather than deferring to institutional change.

Sartre 57' (Jean-Paul, Existentialism and Human Emotions, 15-21, gender edited)

"Atheistic existentialism, which I represent...from action, but is part of action itself."

Nuclear Power Tradeoff DA A. Nuclear power is inevitable globally – the only question is whether the U.S. stays involved and increases capacity. Currently the US is on track to continue its nuclear power development. Rowley 8 (Anthony, The Business Times Singapore, “US official sees global push towards nuke power,” 5/23, lexis)

A MASSIVE global expansion of the role of nuclear power ... prevent a proliferation of nuclear weapons.

B. Increasing renewable investment decreases demand for nuclear power and makes it less competitive – this tradesoff with new nuclear investment Asselstine 8 – Managing Director at Lehman Brothers (James, CQ Congressional Testimony, 4/23, lexis) //DH

Fifth, the companies and investors will require ...the region in which the plant will be located.

C. Continued U.S. domestic nuclear power expansion is critical to nuclear and nonproliferation leadership Buckner and Sanders 1 *Chair of the ANS Special Committee on Nuclear Nonproliferation AND **Vice-Chair of SCNN and Manager, Nuclear Initiatives, at Sandia National Laboratories (M. R., and Thomas, Enhancing global nuclear proliferation management with a strong U.S. nuclear enterprise Nuclear News February, L/n, rday)

Many of the leaders of the United States ... to act is now -- before a catastrophe occurs."

D. Proliferation leads to extinction. Victor A Utgoff, Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of Institute for Defense Analysis, Summer 2002, Survival, p.87-90

In sum, widespread proliferation is likely ... dead cities or even whole nations.

EFCA DA A) EFCA blocked now by dissenting moderate Democrats

US Newswire, 3-11-09, “Democrat Leadership Is Already Facing Opposition To Card Check From Within Its Own Party, says Republican National Committee”, AOL News, http://news.aol.com/article/democrat-leadership-is-already-facing/378272?icid=sphere_wsj_teaser Yesterday, Democrats Rolled Out Their Card ...they need for approval."

B) More specifically- Blue Dog democrats are retreating from the bill

Kevin Bodargus, 2-24-09, “Blue Dogs seek Senate cover on card-check”, http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/blue-dogs-seek-senate-cover-on-card-check-2009-02-24.html The bill has more than enough ... would be for real now.”

C) Alternative energy policies would be a concession to Blue Dogs

Jennifer Bischoff, staff writer, 2-25-09, “Matheson to lead Blue Dog energy panel”, http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_11785958

Utah Democratic Rep. Jim Matheson was named ... as an energy consultant.

D) Card Check would destroy the already reeling economy.

Phil Kerpen, director of policy for Americans for Prosperity, contributing editor for National Review Online, chairman of the Internet Freedom Coalition, op-eds have run in the Wall Street Journal, former policy director and acting executive director for the Free Enterprise Fund, former analyst and researcher for the Club for Growth, the Woodhill Foundation, and the Cato Institute, Human Events, "Card Check Bill Includes Another Economy Killer" 3-12- 2009

Under EFCA, the bargaining process could still ... existence of our free market system. The binding-arbitration power grab in EFCA must be stopped.

E) Global nuclear war from the current U.S. economic crisis is imminent; it’s try-or-die for the negative

Philadelphia Weekly Press, staff writer and political activist, 10-22-08, “What to do when the economy crashes: Thoughts from Kathy Change”, Editor, http://www.weeklypress.com/default.asp?sourceid=&smenu=1&twindow=&mad=&sdetail=941& wpage=1&skeyword=&sidate=&ccat=&ccatm=&restate=&restatus=&reoption=&retype=&repmin=&repmax=&rebed=&rebath=&subname=&pform=&sc=2392&hn=weeklypress&he=.com

Soon the economy will collapse. As you know, America relies ...of the rest of the world.

Capitalism Kritik Alternative energy politics are designed as “magic bullets” to solve the problems of capitalism without disrupting market-logic that are the heart of their harms. Magdoff 08 (Fred Magdoff, 2008 (Monthly Review, “The Political Economy and Ecology of Biofuels” p://www.monthlyreview.org/080714magdoff.php)

The huge increase in oil and other ... annual usage continues to decline.

The inherent use-value within the capitalist order negates the value to life and makes genocide and extinction inevitable. Kovel 02 (Joel, Professor of Social Studies at Bard, The Enemy of Nature, pg 140-141)

The precondition of an ecologically ... losses are regrettable necessities.

Our alternative is to not do the affirmative. Reform of the system is not the answer. Only a rejection of capitalism and a refusal to participate in its policies can destroy the system. Herod 04 (James Herod author of several books on capitalism and social activist since 1968 Getting Free 2004 http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)

It is time to try to describe...democratically and cooperatively self-determine the shape of their social world.

Qatar LNG DA Qatar is boosting LNG production now – the U.S. is the primary market The Hindustan Times, 4-9-08, “Qatar aims to raise LNG output to 77 million tons in two years”

Qatar has aimed to raise production ... exceed 60 billion dollars.

U.S. market is key – Qatar has pinned its hopes on a premium market for its LNG in the U.S. Amy M. Jaffe et al., Fellow for Energy Studies at Rice University, Mark H. Hayes, Research Fellow with the Program on Energy and Sustainable Development at Stanford, and David G. Victor, adjunct senior fellow for science and technology at Council on Foreign Relations, 2006, Natural Gas and Geopolitics: From 1970 to 2040, “Conclusions,” pg. 470-471

Several nations in the Middle East - such as Qatar... gas supplies from around the world.

Renewable energy will directly reduce LNG prices Dr. Ryan Wiser, staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and member of the Scientists and Policy Group at Lawrence, 3-5-05, “Easing the Natural Gas Crisis: Reducing Natural Gas Prices Through Electricity Supply Diversification Testimony Prepared for a Hearing on Power Generation Resource Incentives & Diversity Standards” Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/ems/reports/Senate-Testimony.pdf

With the recent run-up in natural gas prices... impact of that diversification on natural gas prices and bills.

High LNG profits allow Qatar to boost regional influence and secure peace in the Middle East The Economist, 6-7-08, “International: Small country, big ideas; Qatar,” p. 64

Most of that wealth came easily... double in the next five years.

Middle East war goes nuclear, results in genocide James Forest, director of terrorism studies at the U.S. Military Academy and writer forThe Futurist, 9-1-07, "War Is a No-Win Scenario", http://www.mywire.com/pubs/TheFuturist/2007/09/01/4296533?page=5

A regional war in the Middle East ... and Asia following World War II.

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