2008-2009 Lexington (MA) - Apoorv Kumar & Hao Shen
From NDCAWiki
Round 5: vs. Bronx ANOTHER new aff:
Plan: The United States federal government should condition all existing subsidies to farms on solar energy use in the United States.
Advantage One: Terror
Al-Qaeda will likely attack the ag sector
Seebeck 2k7
“responding to systemic crisis: the Case of Agroterrorism” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism
“Terrorists aim to Achieve……intent to escalate”
Public hysteria will force politicians to embrace reactionary solutions
Foxell
“Terrorist Threat to U.S. Food Security” American Foreign Policy Interests
“An antilivestock, anticrop……….make war on it.”
Lashout and NW
Corsi
Only a decentralized farming system solves
Goodrich et al 2k5
“Various factors lead to the…….against an attack”
Advantage Two: Industrial Farming
Corporate farming collapses ag competitiveness through lack of tech diffusion and inevitable outsourcing
Ikerd 2k1
“Had there been a truly……..of other industrial goods”
Ag Competitiveness is key to the global economy
Edmonson 2k8
“As the world becomes more integrated……..11,800 American jobs”
Nuclear war between US-Russi-China
Mead 2k9
“The damage to China’s position…….expansionary fiscal policy”
And, your takeouts are irrelevant – a lower-scale econ is inevitable, the only question is whether we can create small farms that make a stable transition possible
Kunstler 3/2/2k9
“The collapse of complex systems…….and capital injections”
And, the boom-bust ensures large-scale farms collapse from financial shocks – only small farms are resilient
Ikerd 2k8
“land prices are…….stronger as a consequence”
Industrial ag causes pollinator depletion, soil erosion, runoff, fertilizer overuse and unsustainable water usage
Herren 2k2
“No matter how well we…….deeper ecological problems.”
Bee collapse causes extinction
Benjamin 8
“UK farming honeybee rapture”
Industrial ag causes crop monocultures and extinction
Sahtouris ‘92
“Industrial hi-tech monoculture agriculture……..hastens human extinction”
Continued pesticide use causes fertility decline and extinction
Tilman et al 2k1
“This forecast details………foremost, our own”
Plan is specifically modeled in India
Sharma 2k
“There isn’t a time when……on a mass scale”
That’s key to solving India’s economy
Dwivedi 11/25/2k8
“According to The United……back-bone of Indian economy”
That solves instability and war with Pakistan
Mead 2k9
“India’s future is also a question……..short and mild”
Nuclear War
Fai
Advantage Four: Small Farms
Small farms are collapsing now – plan’s sustainability is key to save them which checks food shortages, agriculture collapse and war
Ikerd 2k2
“However, a growing number……and farming systems”
Food wars escalate
Calvin
Small farmers solve crop diversity – solves extinction
Boyce 2k4
“There is a future…….northwestern United States”
Advantage Five: Ogallala Advantage that Greta assures me is the EXACT same as Emory’s
Solvency: Tax credits key to make sustainability competitive for small farms. Ikerd, "New Farm Bill and US Trade Policy: Implications for Family Farms and Rural Communities" Presented at "Grain Place" Farm Tour and Seminar" July 27, 2002 "cornerstone of a new American farm policy...show progress toward sustainability to remain eligible for the "tax credit"
Plan gets modeled globally. Cobb, 6/6/01 http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=2107 "we could make it national policy...international agreements on the environment"
US consumers reorient global markets Altieri, "Small Farms as a planetary ecological asset" Food First, 5/9/08 www.foodfirst.org/en/node/2115 "modeling new agroecosystems...small farms to continue"
Agriculture will collapse now - must break away from oil dependence to become sustainable Kunstler, "What Next" 3/2/09 www.kunstler.com/mags_diary25.html
Helium 3 Aff (Rd 4)
Plan Text: The relevant court of the judicial branch should rule that private lunar property rights for helium 3 mining are legal under the Outer Space Treaty, on the grounds that the states party to international treaties retain juristiction over its own persons and objects. The United States federal government should comply with this ruling.
Contention 1: Extinction Inevitable
A. Population growth
Will Adams, 3/21/07, http://oneplanetonelife.com/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=41&Itemid=88. Writer for One planet one life. A Sustainability/Awareness organization
The new global economy…. as the Earth System begins to balance the scales.
B. Lack of Oxygen
Peter Tatchell, 8/13/08, The oxygen crisis: Could the decline of oxygen in the atmosphere undermine our health and threaten human survival?,” The Guardian, Aug 13, proquest, human rights campaigner, and a member of the queer rights group OutRage! and the left wing of the Green party
Compared to prehistoric times, … which could further diminish global fish supplies.
C. Nuclear war and resource conflicts
Joseph Caldwell, 2003, Project and Program Director, Consultant in Strategic Studies; System Simulation, Modeling, Analysis, and Development; and Test and Evaluation. Professor of Statistics, The End of the World, and the New World Order, http://www.foundationwebsite.org/TheEndOfTheWorld.htm
VI. The Likelihood of Global Nuclear War …raising the motivation for war to higher levels.
D. Asteroids
Mike Lafferty, The Columbus Dispatch, 2/27/07, Astronomical odds; Scientists warn that world needs to keep an eye on asteroids”,
About twice a year, ….produce even more out-ofcontrol rocks, Lu said.
Congress just passed new funding for NASA and more is coming, but can’t solve exploration
WSJ, Wall Street Jounal, Andy Pasztor, journalist, 4/17/09, “Lawmakers Pressure NASA to Delay Shuttle's Retirement”, Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123992911190127639.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
So far, the White House hasn't supported …shuttle capabilities for an extra year.
Contention 2: Rock Jumping
Every second we don’t get off the rock kills 10^31st people
Nick Bostrum, Director, Oxford Future of Humanity Institute Faculty of Philosophy, Oxford University 2003
http://www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html
As a rough approximation, let us say the Virgo Supercluster contains …. (no time-discounting), the conclusion will hold.
Its try or die – now is key for colonization
Bruce Cordell, PhD planetary and space physics, Weizmann postdoctoral fellow at Caltech, ex-physics professor at the California State University, space scientist, worked with NASA 5/11/08, Nasa programs and MEPs, http://21stcenturywaves.com/ blog/category/perspectives/ Currently, the most important …. is of inestimable importance.
Colonizing the moon is key to Mars colonization
Sam Dinkin, regular columnist at the Space Review, 9/7/04, Colonize the Moon before Mars” http://www.thespacereview.com/article/221/1
.It will probably take decades …the economy to make them financially viable.
Mars colonization prevents extinction through untapped resources and sustainable life
Zubrin, 1996, former Chairman of the National Space Society, and President of the Mars Society, Robert, Ad Astra, "The Case for Colonizing Mars," July/August, http://nss.org/settlement/mars/zubrin-colonize.html
Among extraterrestrial bodies in our solar system, …humans will be able to grow crops for export.
The technology to terraform Mars exists
SASWATO R. Das, Infinion Technologies AG, contributes to the LA Times, New York City–based writer, November 2007, Terraforming Mars, http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/print/5676
The renewed focus on Mars has rejuvenated …planetary scale will be quite challenging, according to McKay.
Fusion in space col prevents inevitable starvation, resource wars and extinction
Gangale, 2007, (Thomas, aerospace engineer and a former Air Force officer. currently the executive director at OPS-Alaska, a think tank based in Petaluma, where he manages projects in political science and international relation 4, 2007, “A Progressive Vision of Human Space Exploration--Important to California, a Leader in Aerospace and High Tech” http://www.californiaprogressreport.com/2007/12/a_progressive_v.html)
Developing a spacefaring culture ….Where did we come from? How did we get here? Who else is out there?
Lunar helium-3 mining sustains life in space
Kulcinski, 2k, Director of the Fusion Technology Institute at the University of Wisconson, Gerald L. “The Development of Lunar 3He Resources,” http://fti.neep.wisc.edu/FTI/pdf/fdm1128.pdf
It has also been observed that the byproducts from ….easily become the “Hudson Bay store” of Space.
Lunar mining will reinvigorate all space initiatives including lunar colonization, exploration and settlement of Mars and asteroid interception and diversion
Harrison H. Schmitt, a geologist, former U.S. Senator and NASA astronaut, the 12th person to walk on the moon, chair of the NASA Advisory Council, adjunct professor of engineering physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the founder and chairman of Interlune Intermars Initiative Inc., teaching fellow at Harvard in 1961, project chief at U.S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology Center, assisted in the integration of scientific activities into the Apollo lunar missions and participated in research activities requiring geologic, petrographic and stratigraphic analyses of samples returned from the moon by Apollo missions, appointed one of the first Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholars at the California Institute of Technology. consultant, corporate director, and freelance writer and speaker on matters related to space, science, technology and public policy. professor of engineering at the University of Wisconsin, chairman and president of the Annapolis Center Harrison H. Schmitt, Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation , STATUS REPORT,Testimony of Hon. Harrison H. Schmitt: Senate Hearing on "Lunar Exploration" Date Released: Thursday, 11/6/03, http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=10924
On the Moon, humans will provide instantaneous observation, ….and various national security initiatives.
Lunar helium-3 would lead to development of fusion rockets, enabling interplanetary missions
Michael B. Duke et al, Colorado School of Mines Lisa R. Gaddis, U. S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Team G. Jeffrey Taylor, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics & Planetology. Harrison H. Schmitt, , a geologist, former U.S. Senator and NASA astronaut, the 12th person to walk on the moon, chair of the NASA Advisory Council, adjunct professor of engineering physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the founder and chairman of Interlune Intermars Initiative Inc., teaching fellow at Harvard in 1961, project chief at U.S. Geological Survey's Astrogeology Center, assisted in the integration of scientific activities into the Apollo lunar missions and participated in research activities requiring geologic, petrographic and stratigraphic analyses of samples returned from the moon by Apollo missions, Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry 6 Vol. 60, pp. 597-656, 2006 “Development of the Moon” http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/About/People/LisaGaddis/downloads/RiMG_Dukeetal_597_2006.pdf
The development of lunar … and radiation environment of space.
That’s the only way to power inter-stellar travel
Crawford, 1995, astronomer specializing in high-resolution optical spectroscopy of the interstellar medium, Ian, Extraterrestrials Where are They?, p. 51-52
There has, to date, been only one …the publication of the original work, has been given by Bond & Martin (1986).
Contention 3: Moon Wars
A new space race has begun – nations are pursuing lunar mining to solve energy needs
John Lasker, Wired News, 12/15/06, “Race to the Moon for Nuclear Fuel” http://www.wired.com/science/space/news/2006/12/72276
Mining the moon for helium-3 has …reduce Earth's reliance on fossil fuels."
Without a property rights system states will resort to violence and conflict
Wayne N. White, Jr. Attorney at Law, 1997, http://www.space-settlement-institute.org/Articles/research_library/WayneWhite98-2.pdf “Real Property Rights in Outer Space”
A development regime which …. their right to remain at a given location.
Unregulated competition over Helium-3 proliferates to accidental global nuclear war
Marko Beljac, PhD at Monash University, In Focus contributor, teaches at the University of Melbourne, 4/1/08, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/5113
China has tested an anti satellite weapon and Russia ….weapon states place upon nuclear deterrence.
Accidental launch causes extinction
PR Newswire, April 29, 1998, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, “NEJM Study Warns of Increasing Risk of Accidental Nuclear Attack”
An ‘accidental’ nuclear attack would create a …. be all but impossible, according to Forrow and his colleagues.
China space expansion inevitable – cooperation is key
Leonard David, Senior Space Writer, 4/12/06, Space.com, http://www.space.com/news/060412_china_cooperation.html
"China civil space plans are ambitious and inevitable," …. "It's simply not in U.S. interests," he said.
Lunar property rights ensure nations cooperate instead of going to war
Kevin V. Cook, J.D., Georgetown Law Center, 2K, B.A. from Cornell University and an M.S. from the Minnesota, 11 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 647
The exploitation of outer space, however, … space will never be realized.
War with China causes extinction
Straits Times, 6/25/2k, Ching Cheong, l/n
THE high-intensity scenario postulates a cross-strait war …we would see the destruction of civilisation.
Contention 4: Solvency
Lunar property rights issued by the US reinvigorate the space industry, spur cooperation with other nations and don’t cost taxpayers anything
Alan Wasser, the Chairman of The Space Settlement Institute and a former CEO of the National Space Society. He is a former member of the AIAA Space Colonization Technical Committee, former member of the Board of Directors of ProSpace, and a former Senior Associate of the Space Studies Institute. His “Space Settlement Initiative” was featured in the 2005 book RETURN TO THE MOON (Apogee Books). Moon Miners' Manifesto”, #103 March 1997
Section 6.9.3.2.103.of the Artemis Data Book “How to Restart a Space Race to the Moon & Mars”
The right to claim newly settled property has …. meet the conditions and make a claim.
The US must take the lead for effective property rights implementation
Allan Wasser, former broadcast journalist at ABC News and CBS News, Chairman of the Executive Committee (CEO) of the National Space Society, member of the Board of Directors of ProSpace, Advocate of the Space Frontier Foundation, author of numerous articles on the subject of space property rights, most recently in The Explorers Journal, the official magazine of the Explorers Club, Space News, Ad Astra, Space Governance, September 2008, “The Space Settlement Initiative”, http://www.spacesettlement.org/#25
The United States will probably be the first …or even one nationality, to undertake alone.
US court action is key – litigation is inevitable, and US court precedent uniquely gives space property rights credibility internationally
MICHAEL J. Listner, J.D. Regent University School of Law, 2001; B.S. Computer Information Systems, Franklin Pierce College, 1998. The author was a founding member of the Regent University Maritime Law and International Trade Society; a board member of Alternative Dispute Resolution and Client Counseling Board 2001; and a student member of the James Kent American Inn of Court 2000-01, Spring 2003, “NOTE: The Ownership and Exploitation of Outer Space: A Look at Foundational Law and Future Legal Challenges to Current Claims,” 1 Regent J. Int'l L. 75, Regent Journal of International Law, p. Lexis
VIII. THE FUTURE LEGAL CHALLENGES … . of legal challenges that will arise.
Helium-3 is used for fusion, and doesn’t cause waste, pollution, or damage to the moon
ESA, 7/17/2K, EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY SCIENCE REPORT, After the gold rush on Earth a 'Helium rush' to the Moon?” http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0007/17moonhelium/
One subject illustrated how valuable the Moon could … being simply smoothed out.
Fusion power research is inevitable, but current projects use the Deuterium-Tritium fuel cycle which creates radioactive waste
MIT, MIT Technology Review 7, Mark Williams, 'Mining the Moon," 8/23/07, http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/19296/page1/
Advocates of He3-based fusion point to the fact that … there will still be a lot of radioactive waste.
That causes extinction through infertility
Sara Shannon, antinuclear activist, Winter 1998, http://www.ratical.org/radiation/HoLLR.html#p1
The global fertility rate has dropped by nearly half …it raises the possibility of human extinction.
Government exclusion of nuclear power avoids necessary debates to educate significance of nuclear energy
IAEA Bulletin, May 1977, Nuclear Power and Public Opinion” INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR POWER AND ITS FUEL CYCLE VOL.19, NO.3, www.iaea.org/Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull193/19304703440
Nuclear power and public opinion …. ethical and health aspects have been considered."
TOC Supreme Court aff
Contention 1: Nigeria The Nigerian energy crisis requires a switch to renewable sources of energy in order to remain stable Ijeoma 6/26/08 Ijeoma. Stanley. Founder/CEO Schrodinger Nigeria Limited- Nigeria’s Electricity Crisis ,Renewable Energy & the opportunities. 6/26/08
Good day everyone, my name
on any investment made in the process.
The prevalence of the oil industry causes civil war in Nigeria Nivedita Ray, Research Assistant at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, 2/13/06 (Instability in Nigeria’s Delta Region, http://www.idsa.in/publications/stratcomments/niveditaray13206.htm) In the last month tensions
both the federal government and the oil multinationals.
Instability in Nigeria spills over into all of Africa – creating failed states across the region
J. Peter Pham, Director of the Nelson Institute for International and Public Affairs and a Research Fellow of the Institute for Infrastructure and Information Assurance at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, 4/19/07, Decision Time in Nigeria, http://www.defenddemocracy.org/in_the_media/in_the_media_show.htm?doc_id=478937
Professor John Paden, one of the world's leading experts on Nigeria and certainly no alarmist, has noted:
Without a doubt, Nigeria is central
a supplier of America's energy needs.
African instability will lead to nuclear war. Jeffrey Deutsch, Political Risk Consulting and Research Firm Focusing on Russia and Eastern Europe, 11/18/02, Setting the Stage for World War III, Rabid Tiger Newsletter, http://www.rabidtigers.com/rtn/newsletterv2n9.html
Contention 2: Russia
ECAs massively fund oil based energy in Russia
Crecencia 2K8
Source: Transition from Fossil to Renewable Energy Systems: What Role for Export Credit Agencies? Author: Crescencia Maurer Editor: Smita Nakhooda Date Written: December 2003
Greening Export Credit Agency Financing
and there is a minimum 35% grant component.
Russia has the potential to be a major producer of renewable energy Renewable For Russia 03 RECITE THIS. http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2000/renewrus_2003.pdf
Russia’s current use of renewable
Russian energy and climate change policy.
3 Internal links
A. Dependence
Russia’s economy is getting spanked now because of it’s dependence on oil
AFP. March 29th 2009
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jq1dRd4T4iG1ILZwakCMmgbdjXWA
Russia's economy will contract
could exceed 10 percent by the end of 2009.
2. Inflation A. Russian Oil dependence push inflation Ed Hugh 12/24/7 http://bonoboathome.blogspot.com/2007/12/russian-inflation-november-2007.html Edward is a Barcelona based economist of British extraction. He is principally a macro economist, but his obsession with trying to understand the economic impact of demographic changes has often lead him far afield from the more tranquil pastures of economic theory, into fields like demography, anthropology, biology, sociology and systems theory.
He is currently working on a book which presently has the working title "Ageing, Fertility and Global Imbalances.
Conceptually we could think of Russia
are going this point may not be too far away.
B. Our internal SHORT CIRCUITS yours: inflation destroys all the petrodollar profit now Rich Smith, 12/27/7 http://www.fool.com/investing/international/2007/12/27/petrorubles-dont-add-up.aspx. analyst for The Motley FoolThe Motley Fool is a commercial website about stocks, investing, and personal finance. The Alexandria, Virginia-based private company was founded in July 1993 by co-chairmen and brothers David and Tom Gardner and Erik Rydholm who has since left. The company employs approximately 200 people. As the world's biggest
current growth rates may suggest.
Independent impact: Russian inflation increases risks of military defection Felgenhauer 12/5/7 http://jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2372641 Dr. Pavel E. Felgenhauer is a Moscow-based defense analyst and columnist in Novaya Gazeta. Felgenhauer was born on December 6, 1951 in Moscow, Russia and graduated from Moscow State University in 1975. He served as researcher and senior research officer in the Soviet Academy of Sciences (Moscow) and received his Ph.D. from the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 1988.
Felgenhauer published numerous articles on topics
substantially, not by 'percentages', but two to three times."
3. Ruble
High oil prices kill Russian exports by pushing the currency up too high
Russian Info Center 12/26/7
http://www.russia-ic.com/business_law/in_depth/653/
B. Overvalued ruble tanks the Russian economy
Moscow News 8/17/7 p. LN
C. short circuits their internal: Ruble currency appreciation eviscerates oil profits AP Business, 12/03/7 http://biz.yahoo.com/ap/071203/market_spotlight_energy_trading.html?.v=1
Impact: Russia economic collapse results in pandemics, accidental launch, reactor meltdowns, nuclear terrorism, and instability which draws in the US and devastates the Caucus region
OLIKER AND CHARLICK-PALEY 2002 (Olga and Tanya, RAND Corporation Project Air Force, “Assessing Russia’s Decline,” www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1442/)
US backlash against nuclear terror causes extinction.
Jerome Corsi, PhD from Harvard, 2005, Atomic Iran, 176-178
Accidental launch causes extinction
PR Newswire, April 29, 1998
ECAs will fund the Sakhalin II project which causes massive oil spills which cant be cleaned up and independently destroys biodiversity
ECA WATCH 2k7
ECAWATCH.COM ECA Watch is an organizing and outreach mechanism of the larger international campaign to reform Export Credit Agencies (ECAs). http://www.eca-watch.org/problems/eu_russ/russia/sakhalin/index.html, PAGE WAS UPDATD AND MOST RECENTLY EDITED D ON 2007
Extinction David N. Diner, 1994, Judge Advocate’s General’s Corps of US Army, Military Law Review, Winter, 143 Mil. L. Rev. 161, l/n
Uncontained spills require bioremediation --- causes extinction
Stafford No Date. (Think Quest – __http://library.thinkquest.org/17109/environment.htm__)
Unique Brink – The supreme court is teetering on the verge of a shift towards settlement and arbitrarition over precedent setting. Also – court DAs are non unique courts are violating stare decisis and are maximalist Mauro 4/2 Tony Mauro Legal Times April 2, 2009. http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202429585545
Court practice of settlements saps court legitimacy and opinion
Ellinghausen 5
Justice Trumps Peace: the Enduring Relevance of Owen Fiss’s Against Settlement. By Don Ellinghausen, Jr.. http://pegasus.rutgers.edu/~rcrlj/articlespdf/ellinghausen.pdf. Grand Rapids, Michigan Attorney, and graduate of Michigan State University Law School. 2005 – based on most recent cite
and the Supreme Court is susceptible to dramatic shifts in public opinion
Gibson and Souers 6
James L. Gibson, porf African American Studies, and Sidney Souers, W., Prof of Government at Washington U, “The Legitimacy of the United States Supreme Court in a Polarized Polity, June 15, 2006
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=909162
That devastates an independent judiciary Smith 8 Jinney S. Smith, Ph.D. Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science & Criminal Justice Lycoming College. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, April 3-6, 2008, Chicago, IL http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/6/6/1/5/pages266158/p266158-1.php
China models US courts
IFES 8 (International Foundation for Electoral Systems, “Judicial Fellows Program”, http://www.ifes.org/china.html#project_57)
Chinese judicial independence is key to socio-economic stability Henderson 7 (Keith, IFES sr. Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption Advisor,“Global Corruption Report 2007: Corrution and Judicial Systems”, IFES China News and Materials, April, p. 4)
Chinese instability causes extinction and nuclear lashout Renxing, 05 (Sen, staff writer, The Epoch Times, (a privately owned Falon-Gong linked newspaper) August 3, 2005, “CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death” http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html)
The brink is now – failure to deal with increasing unrest over living standards will collapse the CCP Pethokoukis 12-1-08 (James, US News, “Bad Economy Could Cause China Crackup” http://www.usnews.com/blogs/capital-commerce/2008/12/1/bad-economy-could-cause-china-crackup.html?s_cid=etRR-0126)
Contention [ ]: No Disads
A federal lawsuit requires the two primary federal ECAs to invest in renewable energy Friends of the Earth Feb 2K9 Friends of the Earth (www.foe.org) is the U.S. voice of the world’s largest grassroots environmental network, with member groups in 77 countries. Since 1969, Friends of the Earth has fought to create a more healthy, just world. http://action.foe.org/t/6545/pressRelease.jsp?press_release_KEY=486February 06, 2009
The agreement requires investment in renewable and sets a global signal to change development funding.
Settlement Agreement Export-Import Bank of the United States. 2K9
http://www.foe.org/pdf/Ex-Im_Settlement.pdf. Official document of the settlement
However, Friends of the Earth v Spinelli wasn’t good enough – the ruling needs to be expanded to include private loan agencies.
Berliant 2K9
Leslie Berliant. http://featured.matternetwork.com/2009/2/settlement-acknowledges-global-repercussions-fossil.cfmCarbon Emissions | February 10, 2009 | by Sustainablog
The United States Judicial Branch should overturn the settlement between Friends of the Earth, Inc., et al. v. Spinelli, et al (Civ. No. 02-4106, N.D. Cal.) and rule that public and private Export Credit Agencies in the United States must abide by the terms of the settlement in Russia, Kosovo, and Nigeria, holding that public and private Export Credit Agencies can not violate the National Environmental Policy Act.
C-17s disad
1. Defense budget will pass now BUT some programs won’t be cut. Brownfield 5/1. (Allison, former political aid. “A Realistic Look at the U.S. Defense Budget.” http://newsblaze.com/story/20090501180608zzzz.nb/topstory.html)
Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, in ... the vein it was intended.
2. Specifically, C-17 cuts won’t pass now because of defense contractor lobbying – political capital is key for Obama to push them through. Eggen 4/28. (Dan, staff writer. “Plan to Cut Weapons Programs Disputed.” Washington Post.)
Some of the nation's largest ... which Obama singles out for praise on the White House Web site, even though it is one of the biggest targets on Gates's list.
4. Obama pushing to cut C-17s in the squo and C-17s key to readiness. Talent 4/15. (Jim, staff writer. “Nothing Stimulating about Defense?.” http://article.nationalreview.com/print/?q=YjU0ZWYxZGJlMjljYzdkMThhM2JlYjViN2ZiNjEwMzk=)
Last week, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates ... capabilities” — effectively sums up the matter.
5. Readiness is the backbone of US hegemony. Jack Spencer, Policy Analyst for Defense and National Security in the Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute for International Studies at The Heritage Foundation, 2k 9/15, “The Facts about Military Readiness,” http://www.heritage.org/Research/MissileDefense/BG1394.cfm
U.S. military readiness cannot... thereby preserving peace.
6. Global nuclear war. Zalmay Khalilzad, RAND, The Washington Quarterly, Spring 1995
Under the third option... balance of power system.
Self D CP
TEXT: Text: The United States Supreme Court should rule that tribal governments have jurisdiction over crimes committed by non-Indians on reservations. The United States federal government should comply with this ruling.
Lack of non-Indian crime jurisdiction hurts self-d.
(Catherine Baker Stetson, B.A. 1970, Vassar; M.A. 1972, Brown; Ph.D. 1977, New Mexico; J.D. 1981, New Mexico., 1981, “DECRIMINALIZING TRIBAL CODES: A RESPONSE TO OLIPHANT,” American Indian Law Review 9 Am. Indian L. Rev. (1981), Hein Online)
Oliphant means economic development causes more crime and is ineffective. Only overturning solves economic and governmental self-d.
(Jacob T. Levy, Tomlinson Professor of Political Theory, Department of Political Science, and member of the Centre for Human Rights and Legal Pluralism, McGill University, Spring 2008, “Three Perversities of Indian Law,” Texas Review of Law & Politics, 12 Tex. Rev. Law & Pol. 329, p. Lexis)
Like the threat of termination, self-determination as judicially construed.............. The economic and the governmental development aims of self-determination have been placed on a collision course.
2NC Oliphant hurts self-determination – criminal prosecution is a key right of sovereigns. (Geoffrey C. Heisey, J.D. Candidate, 1998, Indiana University School of Law-Bloomington B.A., 1993, Indiana University, SUMMER 1998, “Oliphant and Tribal Criminal Jurisdiction over Non-Indians: Asserting Congress's Plenary Power to Restore Territorial Jurisdiction,” Indiana Law Journal VOLUME 73, ISSUE 3: SUMMER 1998, http://www.law.indiana.edu/ilj/oldsite/volumes/v73/no3/heisey.html)
The Oliphant decision is an affront to both tribes and tribal self-determination that leaves few options for controlling the conduct of non-Indians who live on or visit the reservation. It also decreases non-Indians' respect for tribal authority, and generally encourages lawlessness by non-Indians while they are in Indian country.21 Furthermore, Oliphant leaves the tribes powerless to protect tribal property, interests, and members from the criminal conduct of non-Indians. In fact, crime statistics for all the reservations are compiled through the Native American Police Academy, but there is no incentive to keep statistics on crimes committed by non-Indians since tribal courts are powerless to punish these criminals.22 The only statistics available on non-Indian crime would have to be collected from the few local jurisdictions that have arrangements with the tribes to prosecute non-Indian offenders who commit crimes on the reservation.23 This lack of crime statistics results from the tribes' powerlessness and it shows the state of disarray in the current system. It is necessary for the tribes, as it is for any territorially based sovereign, to have the power to handle these problems through their tribal police and in their tribal court systems.24 Ultimately, the Court's decision in Oliphant jeopardizes the relationship between Indians and non-Indians. Tribal powerlessness leads to frustration in coping with the rising problem of non-Indian crime on the reservation; consequently, tribes may react with anger, dislike, and mistreatment of non-Indians who reside on or visit the reservation. Conversely, non-Indians react to the tribes with what might be a fundamental lack of respect and even contempt for impotent tribal authorities.25
Warming K
Framing climate change as a security problem allocates power to military leaders Michael Brzoska 8, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg [“The securitization of climate change and the power of conceptions of security,” Paper prepared for the International Studies Association Convention 2008, 3/26-29] As the growth in attention ….the framing of climate change as a security carries the danger to strengthen those who see the need to strengthen traditional security instruments to manage its consequences.
Their conflict scenarios are not inevitable – conflict resolution is only possible by rejecting their assumption. Reject the intersection of global warming and securitization. Michael Brzoska 8, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg [“The securitization of climate change and the power of conceptions of security,” Paper prepared for the International Studies Association Convention 2008, 3/26-29] Secondly, the acceptance of the security consequences …. neglect of opportunities for conflict resolution and the prevention of conflict from turning violent.
Securitization of climate change militarizes environmental approaches – creating a self-fulfilling prophecy in resource wars. Warming should be a political issue – not a security one Michael Brzoska 8, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg [“The securitization of climate change and the power of conceptions of security,” Paper prepared for the International Studies Association Convention 2008, 3/26-29] It will affect the living conditions of many people. In many cases the change in living conditions …. major powers as a justification for improving their military preparedness against the other major powers, thus leading to arms races.
A securitized response to climate change shifts resources allocation away from solving warming – the plan would be rolled back and broader measures will be abandoned Michael Brzoska 8, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg [“The securitization of climate change and the power of conceptions of security,” Paper prepared for the International Studies Association Convention 2008, 3/26-29] This kind of reaction to climate change …. competition for scarce resources.
2NC Resource misallocation – Securitization shifts GW into military spheres – this turns case : resources get shifted away from new technology and for awareness programs to teach people how to recycle better and go towards hydrogen powered tanks and towards securing resources in other countries Benjamin 2000 (Paul; an independent foreign policy analyst based in Washington, D.C., holds a master’s degree in international relations from Central European University in Budapest; “Green Wars: Making Environmental Degradation a National Security Issue Puts Peace and Security at Risk” Policy Analysis No. 369 April 20, 2000) The first additional danger ... potential for contravention of civil liberties as the military takes one more step into civilian affairs.
MBA 1AC
There is no commercial application for pyroreprocessing
Professors John Deutch et al CO CHAIR Institute Professor Department of Chemistry, MIT and Ernest Moniz et. al CO CHAIR Department of Physics, MIT Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment “Chaired Effort to Identify Barriers and Solutions for Nuclear Option in Reducing Greenhouse Gases” “The Future of Nuclear Power – an interdisciplinary MIT Study 2003 The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/ Pg 50-51
"The need for such an evaluation ... ... when reprocessing becomes necessary."
More R&D is required to complete development
M. J. Lineberry and T. R. Allen 2002 Engineers at Argonne National Laboratory “THE SODIUM-COOLED FAST REACTOR (SFR)” http://nuclearstreet.com/files/folders/1654/download.aspx
"The primary mission for the SFR... ... cost competitiveness is necessary."
Full IFR demonstration was one step away before it was terminated
Tom Blees author of “Prescription for the Planet” He is a writer with absolutely no ties to the nuclear industry or any other interest, financial or otherwise, in the technologies presented in his plan for a global energy revolution. – quoted by Steve Kirsh – has BS and MS degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from MIT, CEO of Propel Software Corp. 2008: The painless remedy for our energy and environmental crises” The painless remedy for our energy and environmental crises” pg. 118
"There is much here to wonder about... ... technical or economic reason to do so."
Thus the plan:
The United States Department of Energy should demonstrate an Integral Fast Reactor in the United States. The United States Department of Energy should increase loan guarantees for the construction of Integral Fast Reactors in the United States.
Reprocessing is inevitable, but squo wil adopted unsafe PUREX tech – the US must increase diplomatic and institutional initiatives to facilitate expansion
William H. Hannum 15 April 2007 “Recycling Nuclear Waste American Physical Society Special Session on Nuclear Reprocessing, Nuclear Proliferation, and Terrorism” http://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/Recycling_APS_07.pdf
"We have tried to present a reasoned and balanced ... ... part of a successful counter-proliferation strategy. "
Terrorists can easily steal weapons-grade plutonium separated by PUREX
Edwin Lyman is a senior staff scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists’ Global Security Program. Frank N. von Hippel is a professor of public and international affairs at Princeton University’s Program on Science and Global Security April 2008 “Reprocessing Revisited:The International Dimensions of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership” http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2008_04/LymanVonHippel
"In contrast, plutonium that has been separated... ... plutonium in a spent fuel assembly."
US must take the lead in nuclear tech to provide better safeguards and prevent nuclear terrorism
William H. Hannum July 2004 http://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/2004/july/hannum.html
"Safeguards involve physical protection, technical ... ... waiting for others to develop such technologies."
Nuclear terrorism causes multiple scenarios for extinction
Jerome Corsi, PhD from Harvard, 2005, Atomic Iran, 176-178
Development in fuel cycle tech is key to a seat at the international table to shape the global nonprolif regime and ensure improvements in safeguards
HAROLD BENGELSDORF Et. Al ,
"The U.S. has used many tools ... ... health of the U.S. nuclear infrastructure."
US must lead in technical and institutional measures to ensure a safe international nuclear expansion
Professors John Deutch CO CHAIR Institute Professor Department of Chemistry, MIT and Ernest Moniz et. al CO CHAIR Department of Physics, MIT Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment “Chaired Effort to Identify Barriers and Solutions for Nuclear Option in Reducing Greenhouse Gases” “The Future of Nuclear Power – an interdisciplinary MIT Study 2003 The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/
"The developing world might plausibly account ... ... facility construction and operation. "
The intent of these nation’s reprocessing facilities is irrelevant – a poorly managed international nuclear power transition risks proliferation, terrorism and accidents
Professors John Deutch CO CHAIR Institute Professor Department of Chemistry, MIT and Ernest Moniz et. al CO CHAIR Department of Physics, MIT Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment “Chaired Effort to Identify Barriers and Solutions for Nuclear Option in Reducing Greenhouse Gases” “The Future of Nuclear Power – an interdisciplinary MIT Study 2003 The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/ Pg 22
"Inevitably, there will be a high degree ... ... technologies (such as western reactor containment designs). "
Proliferation leads to extinction – human nature risks escalating pre-emptive strikes
Victor A Utgoff, Deputy Director of Strategy, Forces, and Resources Institute for Defense Analysis, Summer 2002, Survival,p.87.90
New nuclear states will deploy without solving control issues causing accidental launch
Nathan E. Busch, assistant professor of political science at Christopher Newport University, 10/8/2004, “No End in Sight: The continuing menace of nuclear proliferation”, p. 289
"Nor is it clear that simple command structures... ... and in fact could increase the risks."
That results in extinction.
PR Newswire, April 29, 1998, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, “NEJM Study Warns of Increasing Risk of Accidental Nuclear Attack”
Prolif is the only scenario for escalation– nationalism and values warp rational decision calculus
Chris Gagné, Research Associate, Confidence-Building Measures project, "Nuclear Risk Reduction In South Asia: Building on Common Ground," The Stability-Instability Paradox: Nuclear Weapons and Brinksmanship in South Asia, Report No. 38, June, 2001, http://www.stimson.org/southasia/pdf/NRRMGagne.pdf
"Waltz and Hagerty argue that nuclear weapons ... ... cannot be predicted with high confidence.”
IFRs are chemically incapable of producing pure plutonium required for prolif
George S. Stanford, is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety.December 2001 “Integral Fast Reactors: Source of Safe, Abundant, Non-Polluting Power” National Policy Analysis, a publication of the National Center for Public Policy Research #378
"Thermal reactors with reprocessing would .. ... IFRs have neither of those drawbacks."
Yucca is inevitable but hits capacity within 3 years of opening
Dr. Phillip J. Finck Ph.D. Technical Integration Office Director for GNEP INL, Deputy Associate Laboratory Director for Applied Science and Technology and National Security, Argonne National Laboratory June 16, 2005 “Before the House Committee on Science, Energy Subcommittee Hearing on Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing” http://www.anl.gov/Media_Center/News/2005/testimony050616.html
"Management of spent nuclear fuel from commercial ... ... for a sustainable future for nuclear energy. "
Yucca overflow risk global contamination equivalent to nuclear war
Helen Caldicott 1994 "Nuclear Madness- What Can you Do?," pg. 202-203
"The National Energy Policy Act directs .... .... induce rock fractures and fault movement."
IFR eliminates waste and recycles on site
Tom Blees author of “Prescription for the Planet” He is a writer with absolutely no ties to the nuclear industry or any other interest, financial or otherwise, in the technologies presented in his plan for a global energy revolution. – quoted by Steve Kirsh – has BS and MS degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from MIT, CEO of Propel Software Corp. 2008: The painless remedy for our energy and environmental crises” pg. 123
"The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR), as might be deduced ... ... no weapons-usable material are involved."
IFRs remove the need for Yucca
Tom Blees author of “Prescription for the Planet” He is a writer with absolutely no ties to the nuclear industry or any other interest, financial or otherwise, in the technologies presented in his plan for a global energy revolution. – quoted by Steve Kirsh – has BS and MS degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from MIT, CEO of Propel Software Corp. 2008: The painless remedy for our energy and environmental crises” The painless remedy for our energy and environmental crises” pg. 207
"When considering nuclear plants it’s important ... ... fuel inventories into IFR fuel assemblies."
Nuclear industry is willing to invest – but require DOE tech demonstration and R&D
GAO Government Accountability Office, 5/22/2008, “'Global Nuclear Energy Partnership: DOE Should Reassess Its Approach to Designing and Building Spent Nuclear Fuel Recycling,” http://www.gao.gov/htext/d08483.html
"The consortium also proposed a "two-tier" system ... ... based on sales of electricity alone."
Companies demand DOE loan guarantees to secure financing
Turnage et al Senior Vice President, Constellation Energy Group Inc July 2, 2007 Joe C, and Theodore Bunting, Jr, Senior Vice President of Finance, Entergy Corp, and John F Young, Executive Vice President and CFO, Exelon Corp, and Steve Winn, Executive Vice President, NRG Energy, Inc, “Join Comments of Constellation Group, Inc, Entergy Corporation, Exelon Corporation, and NRG Energy, Inc. regarding Proposed Rule, Loan Guarantees for Projects that Employ Innovative Technologies,” addressed to Mr. Howard G Bordstrom, , http://www.lgprogram.energy.gov/nopr-comments/comment41.pdf
"Following the enactment of the Energy Policy Act ... ... throughout the next five years."
Fuel cycle technology has been proven successful
GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Conceptual Design Studies: Summary (Non-Proprietary) The Advanced Recycling Center Conceptual Design Document for Power Reactor Innovative Small Module and Nuclear Fuel Recycling Center Submitted to the United States Department of Energy under DE-FC01-07NE24504April 10, 2008 http://www.gnep.energy.gov/pdfs/GE-Hitachi%20Report.pdf
"The electrometallurgical separation process ... ...NRC’s criteria for evaluating the demonstration."
Their authors write “reprocessing” in the context of PUREX, which we indict and solve for
George S. StanfordDecember 2001 “Integral Fast Reactors: Source of Safe, Abundant, Non-Polluting Power” National Policy Analysis, a publication of the National Center for Public Policy Research #378 http://www.nationalcenter.org/NPA378.html
"It was formulated before the IFR's pyroprocessing ... ... have to employ an extra chemical separation step."
Government exclusion of nuclear power avoids necessary public debates to educate significance of nuclear energy in comparison to other alternative energy sources
IAEA BULLETIN (2-13 May 1977) “Nuclear Power and Public Opinion” INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR POWER AND ITS FUEL CYCLE VOL.19, NO.3 www.iaea.org/Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull193/19304703440
"Nuclear power and public opinion are two ... ... ethical and health aspects have been considered."
WARMING SECURITY K - VS BRONX SEMIS OF MBA
COMING SOON - Remind me if i forget - Kumara1991@gmail.com
CAFOS CP VS BELLARMINE MBA QUARTERS
1NC - CAFOS, T POSITIVE INCENTIVE, WARMING SECURITY K, TRADE DA, CARD CHECK, RPS DOESN'T SOLVE, WARMING DEFENSE
2NC - CAFOS, T, CASE
1NR - POLITICS, KICK TRADE DA
2NR - CAFOs, Case, Politics
1NC
Text: The United States federal government should cease the distribution of subsidies to concentrated animal feeding operations and require persons owning concentrated animal feeding operations to pay substantial monetary penalties.
US meat consumption patterns are modeled globally and cause huge amounts of greenhouse gases.
Tady 06 (Megan, The New Standard, dec 6, 2006)
Dec. 7, 2006 – The typical American …….. reducing and reversing environmental damage."
The CP ends CAFOs. Person 05 – JD Candidate @ Georgetown University Law Center (05) [STACEY WILLEMSEN PERSON, “International Trade: Pushing United States Agriculture Toward a Greener Future?,” Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, Winter 2005, 17 Geo. Int'l Envtl. L. Rev. 307] One common criticism concerns …….. conservation programs are meant to address. 89
2NC CITES CAFOs emit the lionshare of methane and nitrous oxide, which unlike CO2 are far more potent and aren't reabsorbed in the biosphere
Jens Holm, Member of the European Parliament, GUE/NGL, the Swedish Left Party; and Toivo Jokkala, editor-in-chief of the Animal Rights Sweden magazine; May 2007 "The livestock industry and climate"http://ec.europa.eu/budget/reform/library/focus/meat_climate_report_en.pdf Bigger climate culprit than the transport sector Consumption of ……and a part of it is converted into nitrous oxide.” Methane key to warming – our ev is comparative with CO2. Mohr 05 (Noam, "A new global warming strategy: how environmentalists are overlooking vegetarianism as the most effective tool against climate change in our lifetimes") This is a serious miscalculation……—the primary natural source of methane.22
Only CAFOs can solve fast enough. Jens Holm, Member of the European Parliament, GUE/NGL, the Swedish Left Party; and Toivo Jokkala, editor-in-chief of the Animal Rights Sweden magazine; May 2007 "The livestock industry and climate"http://ec.europa.eu/budget/reform/library/focus/meat_climate_report_en.pdf The fact that there is an urgent need …..give faster climate results.
The switch to non-grain fed livestock makes ag climactically sustainable and increases sequestration in pastures. Harvey, UK Guardian, former reporter for Farmer's Weekly, winner of the BP Natural World Book Prize, Bangor college agricultural graduate, 9-8-8 "Steaks are high" lexis However, it's a flawed argument. ….. is produced, as it always used to be, on grass.
Methane and NO2 outweigh on magnitude and timeframe, and we prevent future releases of CO2 and solve 25% of CO2 anyway. ISIS, Institute of Science in Society, 6-10-4 "Why sustainable agriculture" http://www.i-sis.org.uk/FTWUCC.php Climate change is by far and away the most daunting ……of both these gases [7].
And we solve a lot of CO2 too and carbon sequestration in trees. Jens Holm, Member of the European Parliament, GUE/NGL, the Swedish Left Party; and Toivo Jokkala, editor-in-chief of the Animal Rights Sweden magazine; May 2007 "The livestock industry and climate"http://ec.europa.eu/budget/reform/library/focus/meat_climate_report_en.pdf First of all, the livestock industry is ….. increases carbon dioxide emissions.
Deforestation is a crucial part of CO2 emissions. Grunwald 2008 (Michael Grunwald is a reporter for The Washington Post. He has won the George Polk Award for national reporting, the Worth Bingham Award for investigative reporting and numerous other prizes, including the Society of Environmental Journalists award for his reporting on the Everglades. “The Clean Energy Scam,” 3-27, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1725975,00.html) The Amazon was the chic eco-cause of the 1990s, revered as an incomparable storehouse of biodiversity. It's been overshadowed lately by global warming, but the ….. only getting started.
SPACE K VS GLENBROOK S.TD
1NC - TRADE DA, CARD CHECK POLITICS DA, ADVANTAGE CP OUT OF COMPETITIVENESS, SPACE PIC, SPS NO SOLVE, SPACE MIL BAD, COMPETITIVENESS DEFENSE
2NC - SPACE PIC, ADVANTAGE CP, CASE
1NR - TRADE DA + POLITICS DA
2NR - SPACE PIC
COUNTERPLAN TEXT REMOVES THE PHRASE 'SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER' WITH 'SOLAR POWERED SATELITES'
NET BENEFIT The intersection of technology and the concept of “space” locks in an obsession of a “final frontier” – this extends American exceptionalism and colonialism Dean 97 Jodi Dean teaches political theory at Hobart and William Smith Colleges in Geneva, New York. She is the author of Solidarity of Strangers (California, 1996) and editor of Feminism and the New Democracy (Sage, 1997). Her Aliens in America is forthcoming in 1998 from Cornell University Press. The Familiarity of Strangeness: Aliens, Citizens, and Abduction 1:2 | © 1997 Jodi Dean The American articulation of outer space with technology …………, such rhetoric disrupted the space program's smooth presentation of democratic freedom.24
COLONIALISM IMPACT
This Imperialist location of blame along violent modes of containment while allowing the underlying cause of disease to go unchallenged. This causes extinction through slate wiping epidemics and the normalization of nuclear weapons, economic oppression, and environmental destruction
Steve Eckhardt, writer for Z Magazine, 1994 http://zena.secureforum.com/Znet/zmag/articles/jan94eckhardt.htm
Today viruses of unprecedented virulence are poised to wipe out all human life…. doesn't pose the need for revolutionary change, what does?
Cellulose 1NC- ROUND 4 - MBA VS PENBOOK Hill
Uniqueness – Cellulosic Ethanol coming now political consensus, technology and investor confidence Clayton, 6/4/08, Mark, Christian Science Monitor, “The race for nonfood biofuel”, http://features.csmonitor.com/environment/2008/06/04/the-race-for-nonfood-biofuel/) Driven by a growing political consensus ….. in cellulosic continues to be strong.
Link - targeted incentives crushes cellulosic ethanol Taylor and Van Doren, 2007, Jerry Taylor, Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute, Peter Van Doren, Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute, CATO Institue, “Oil Subsidies on the Dock,” January 17, 2007, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=7066) The well-choreographed "100 Hour" congressional Democratic ….. what the Democrats have in mind.
Cellulosic ethanol solves food prices Brown 6 GM WATCH daily, Sept. 12, 2006 Lester R. Brown is president of the Earth Policy Institute and author of "Plan B 2.0: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble." Once stimulated solely by government subsidies……, a prospect that is at least five years away.
Price blips in food prices kill 1.1 billion
Tampa Tribune 1/20/96
In 1995, world …. who live on a dollar a day or less."
Food Price Impacts
Link - Low prices snowball Karl Beitel August 23rd, 2005, policy analyst at Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy US Farm Subsidies and the Farm Economy: Myths, Realities, Alternatives http://www.foodfirst.org/backgrounders/subsidies To break even, farmers must………………….—and buyers’ expectations of what they will have to pay adjust ever downward, too.
FOOD PRICE IMPACT SCENARIOS (1/23) [ ]EGYPT Higher prices will incite food riots that take down Egypt and other regimes. Karon 8 [Apr. 11, 2008 By TONY KARON, How Hunger Could Topple Regimes, http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1730107,00.html] The idea of the starving masses driven by their desperation to take to the streets and overthrow…………. legitimacy by a range of opposition groups
Egyptian civil war spreads and goes nuclear
St Louis Post Dispatch 1992
(Nov 19, Lexis, Early Warnings on the Nile)
When fundamentalist Muslims in Egypt attack tourist buses with…….. Even in the best of times, Egypt has a hard road ahead. These are not good times, and Egypt will need all the help it can get from other countries
FOOD PRICE IMPACT SCENARIOS (7/23) Food shortages lead to instability in Afghanistan Colum Lynch is a staff writer for the Washington Post. 05-25-2008. “Growing Food Crisis Strains U.S.” http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/24/AR2008052401596.html?hpid=topnews "If people are hungry, they have no stake in stability," said Hedi Annabi……
This could easily trigger violence in slums, attacks on immigrants, forced movements of populations, intensification of interethnic violent conflict," said Jeffrey D. Sachs, a Columbia University economist and U.N.
Afghani collapse leads to Pakistani civil war The New York Times, 11/15/2001 After Sept. 11, with options and allies in short supply, Pakistani leader Pervez Musharraf agreed to cooperate….. but its history demonstrates that what may prove to be far more dangerous than the shooting of weapons is the backfiring of policy
India Pakistan conflict ensures extinction Ghulam Nabi Fai, Kashmiri American Council, July 8, 2001, Washington Times The foreign policy of the United States in South Asia should move from the……Their defense budgets are climbing despite widespread misery amongst their populations. Neither country has initialed the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, or indicated an inclination to ratify an impending Fissile Material/Cut-off Convention
Nano Advantage Round 7 Glenbrooks
ANL budget cuts causes brain drain and tanks US competitiveness
Amy Ellis Nutt, New Jersey Star-Ledger, 6/29/2008, “As research funds stagnate, science in state of 'crisis'” http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2008/06/post_37.html)
Strong statement of interest at ANL revitalizes programs
CQ Federal Department and Agency Documents, 10/30/2008, “GATES' NUCLEAR MESSAGE RESONATES IN RESEARCH, ENGINEERING COMMUNITY,” REGULATORY INTELLIGENCE DATA, p. Lexis
Revitalization is key for future resource allocation
John J. Grossenbacher, Laboratory Director Idaho National Laboratory, 4/23/2008, CQ Congressional Testimony, “NUCLEAR POWER,” SECTION: CAPITOL HILL HEARING TESTIMONY, Statement of John J. Grossenbacher Laboratory Director Idaho National Laboratory, Committee on House Science and Technology, Lexis
Restarting IFR project at Argonne spurs R&D in other sectors
Tom Blees 2008 “Prescription for the Planet: The painless remedy for our energy and environmental crises” Pg. 367
Funding is needed to restore ANL cred and Nanomaterials programs
Jon Van, Chicago Tribune, January 20, 2008 “Argonne, Fermilab lick wounds after fierce federal budget fight” http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2008/jan/20/business/chi-sun_argonne_0120jan20
ANL’s nanoscale materials prevent biowarfare agents
Evelyn Brown, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 5/5/2005 4:06:04 PM http://nanotechwire.com/news.asp?nid=1899
Standard 1AC
Federal funding for reprocessing tech has fallen short – money has been diverted to only R&D and prohibits construction
Miles Pomper is editor of Arms Control Today, a monthly journal of authoritative information and analysis published by the Arms Control Association. 7/8, 2008 Research Project Publication GNEP Watch: Developments in the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership A monthly report prepared by Miles Pomper in Washington DC for the CIGI Nuclear Energy Futures Project The Centre for International Governance Innovation NUCLEAR ENERGY FUTURES http://www.cigionline.org/community.igloo?r0=community&r0_script=/scripts/folder/view.script&r0_pathinfo=/{7caf3d23-023d-494b-865b-84d143de9968}/Research/nuclear/publicat&r0_output=xml
"House Panel Cuts GNEP (again) ...in their spending bills for GNEP "
Pyroprocessing has only received funding for R&D, no commercial application exists
Professors John Deutch CO CHAIR Institute Professor Department of Chemistry, MIT and Ernest Moniz et. al CO CHAIR Department of Physics, MIT Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment “Chaired Effort to Identify Barriers and Solutions for Nuclear Option in Reducing Greenhouse Gases” “The Future of Nuclear Power – an interdisciplinary MIT Study 2003 The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/ Pg 50-51
Thus the plan:
The United States federal government should expand loan guarantees for the construction of Integral Fast Reactors in the United States.
Contention 2 – US Nuclear Leadership
Expansion is inevitable, but in the squo the tech is adopted is PUREX – the US must maintain leadership to facilitate diplomatic and institutional initiatives for a nonproliferation strategy
William H. Hannum prof @ Syracuse University, a senior official with the Department of Energy, retired physicist from Argonne National Laboratory. Gerald E. Marsh is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory, who has worked and published widely in the areas of science, nuclear power, and foreign affairs. He was a consultant to the Department of Defense on strategic nuclear technology and policy in the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations, and served with the U.S. START delegation in Geneva. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. His most recent book is: “The Phantom Defense: America’s Pursuit of the Star Wars Illusion” (Praeger Press).George S. Stanford is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety. 15 April 2007 “Recycling Nuclear Waste American Physical Society Special Session onNuclear Reprocessing, Nuclear Proliferation, and Terrorism” http://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/Recycling_APS_07.pdf
"We have tried to present a reasoned ... successful counter-proliferation strategy. "
Subpoint A – Nuclear Terrorism
Terrorists can easily steal weapons-grade plutonium separated by PUREX
Edwin Lyman is a senior staff scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists’ Global Security Program. Frank N. von Hippel is a professor of public and international affairs at Princeton University’s Program on Science and Global Security April 2008 “Reprocessing Revisited:The International Dimensions of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership” http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2008_04/LymanVonHippel
"In contrast, plutonium ...in a spent fuel assembly."
US must take the lead in nuclear tech to provide better safeguards and prevent nuclear terrorism
William H. Hannum prof @ Syracuse University, a senior official with the Department of Energy, retired physicist from Argonne National Laboratory. Gerald E. Marsh is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory, who has worked and published widely in the areas of science, nuclear power, and foreign affairs. He was a consultant to the Department of Defense on strategic nuclear technology and policy in the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations, and served with the U.S. START. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. George S. Stanford is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. July 2004 http://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/2004/july/hannum.html
"Safeguards involve physical protection...others to develop such technologies. "
Nuclear terrorism is highly possible and imminent in our modern world due to plutonium stockpiles
Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, Director, Department of Energy Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, June 16, 2008 The Strategic Threat of Nuclear Terrorism? http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC07.php?CID=404?
"It would be a mistake...would be less fragmented."
Sid-ahmed
Subpoint B – Proliferation
Development in fuel cycle tech is key to a seat at the international table to shape the global nonprolif regime and ensure improvements in safeguards
HAROLD BENGELSDORF Et. Al , currently a Principal with the consulting firm of Bengelsdorf, McGoldrick, and Associates, held numerous senior positions in the U.S. government, including the Energy Department and its predecessor agencies, the State Department, and the U.S. Mission to the IAEA. Among his appointments, he served as the director of both key State and Energy Department offices that are concerned with international nuclear and nonproliferation affairs. Throughout his career, Mr. Bengelsdorf contributed significantly to the development and implementation of U.S. international fuel cycle and nonproliferation policies, having participated in several White House and National Security Council studies. May 2007 THE U.S. DOMESTIC CIVIL NUCLEAR INFRASTRUCTURE AND U.S. NONPROLIFERATION POLICYA White Paper Presented by the American Council on Global Nuclear Competitiveness http://www.nuclearcompetitiveness.org/images/COUNCIL_WHITE_PAPER_Final.pdf
US must lead in technical and institutional measures to ensure a safe international nuclear expansion
Professors John Deutch CO CHAIR Institute Professor Department of Chemistry, MIT and Ernest Moniz et. al CO CHAIR Department of Physics, MIT Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment “Chaired Effort to Identify Barriers and Solutions for Nuclear Option in Reducing Greenhouse Gases” “The Future of Nuclear Power – an interdisciplinary MIT Study 2003 The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/
The intent of these nation’s reprocessing facilities is irrelevant – a poorly managed international nuclear power transition risks proliferation, terrorism and accidents
Professors John Deutch CO CHAIR Institute Professor Department of Chemistry, MIT and Ernest Moniz et. al CO CHAIR Department of Physics, MIT Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment “Chaired Effort to Identify Barriers and Solutions for Nuclear Option in Reducing Greenhouse Gases” “The Future of Nuclear Power – an interdisciplinary MIT Study 2003 The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/ Pg 22
UTGOFF
IFRs are chemically incapable of producing pure plutonium required for prolif
George S. Stanford, is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety.December 2001 “Integral Fast Reactors: Source of Safe, Abundant, Non-Polluting Power” National Policy Analysis, a publication of the National Center for Public Policy Research #378 http://www.nationalcenter.org/NPA378.html
"Thermal reactors with reprocessing would ... . IFRs have neither of those drawbacks."
Contention 3 – Nuclear Waste
Yucca is inevitable but hits capacity within 3 years of opening – only closed fuel cycle solves
Dr. Phillip J. Finck Ph.D. Technical Integration Office Director for GNEP INL, Deputy Associate Laboratory Director for Applied Science and Technology and National Security, Argonne National Laboratory June 16, 2005 “Before the House Committee on Science, Energy Subcommittee Hearing on Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing” http://www.anl.gov/Media_Center/News/2005/testimony050616.html
"Summary Management of spent nuclear fuel from...sustainable future for nuclear energy."
IFRs eliminate the need Yucca – pure fission products lose toxicity quickly
Dr. Charles Till, NUCLEAR PHYSICIST AND ASSOCIATE LAB DIRECTOR AT ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY WEST IN IDAHO, April 1997, “Nuclear Reaction: Why Do Americans Fear Nuclear Power,” Interviews, PBS Frontline, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/reaction/interviews/till.html
"Q: What is the concept ...canceled, it's gone. "
Yucca will inevitably causes extinction
David Comarow, Dir. Legal Affairs & General Counsel at FortuNet, Inc and COO & General Counsel at Austine Studios 2001, Testimony presented at US Department of Energy Public Hearing 12-8-2001, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-energy/issues/yucca-mountain/yucca-mountain-testimony-comarow_2001-12-08.htm
"None of that is impossible, ...agonizing death of billions."
IFR eliminate transportation of waste by recycling on site
George S. Stanford, is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety.December 2001 “Integral Fast Reactors: Source of Safe, Abundant, Non-Polluting Power” National Policy Analysis, a publication of the National Center for Public Policy Research #378 http://www.nationalcenter.org/NPA378.html
"Commerce in Plutonium ...amounts ever come out."
Nuclear fuel cycle can be closed with fast reactors and pyroprocessing
George S. Stanford is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety. November 16–20, 2003 From the Proceedings of “Global 2003,” ANS Winter Meeting, New Orleans, MOX or MOX Not.Final pno.wpd 7/7/04 13:53:14 1 of 6 LWR Recycle: Necessity or Impediment? http://www.nationalcenter.org/LWRStanford.pdf
"Abstract – The nuclear ...Yucca Mountain repository. "
Nuclear energy through IFRs is renewable
George S. Stanford is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety Aug. 8, 2006 Email conversation with Annaleigh Curtis Washburn University – Full conversation can be found on cross-x.com in Alternative Energy forum
"Can nuclear energy produced by the IFR be ...accessible in large quantity."
Federal loan guarantees key to nuclear plant construction – but doesn’t cost taxpayers anything
Theodore G. Adams - SPECIAL TO THE NEWS. Updated: 06/08/08 6:52 AM . http://www.buffalonews.com/248/story/365369.html
IFR technology has been proven successful and demonstrated to exceed federal criteria
GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Conceptual Design Studies: Summary (Non-Proprietary) The Advanced Recycling Center Conceptual Design Document for Power Reactor Innovative Small Module and Nuclear Fuel Recycling Center Submitted to the United States Department of Energy under DE-FC01-07NE24504April 10, 2008 http://www.gnep.energy.gov/pdfs/GE-Hitachi%20Report.pdf
Their authors write “reprocessing” in the context of PUREX, which we indict and solve for
George S. Stanford, is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety.December 2001 “Integral Fast Reactors: Source of Safe, Abundant, Non-Polluting Power” National Policy Analysis, a publication of the National Center for Public Policy Research #378 http://www.nationalcenter.org/NPA378.html
IFRs are safe – new tech prevents harmful meltdowns and tech failures in previous accidents
George S. Stanford, is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety.December 2001 “Integral Fast Reactors: Source of Safe, Abundant, Non-Polluting Power” National Policy Analysis, a publication of the National Center for Public Policy Research #378 http://www.nationalcenter.org/NPA378.html
