2009-2010 Kinkaid (TX) - Nikhil Bontha & Layne Kirshon

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Affirmative

STEM Affirmative - Greenhill RR

Text: The United States federal government should provide necessary need-based allocations for uniform proficiency standards in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics career and technical education under Title I.

Stimulus boosted education funding but will fail

Cohen 9 [Jennifer, Writer, New America Foundation, Ed Money Watch, http://www.newamerica.net/blog/ed-money-watch/2009/closer-look-title-i-stimulus-spending-9747]

[Yesterday we took a look at total stimulus funding per…bill enables those funds to do just that.]

Failure is due to a lack of national standards

Quaid 9 – Staff Writer, Washington Times (Libby, 2/20/09, “Academic standards vary by state, U.S. study finds,” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/feb/20/academic-standards-vary-by-state-us-study-finds/)

[Some schools deemed to be failing in one state would get passing grades in another under the No Child Left Behind law, a national study found. The study underscores ….. don't," he said. "And it's produced results I would call unfair from one state to the next."]

Contention 2 is Environment—

K-12 science education key to solve warming

Hyslop 9 – Assoc Director of Public Policy @ Association for Career and Technical Education (Alisha, http://www.acteonline.org/uploadedFiles/Publications_and_E-Media/files/files-techniques-2009/Theme_2%281%29.pdf)

[High-tech companies like Siemens, … in a variety of environmental fields.23]

NCLB kills science education

Fletcher 6 – Workforce Development and Education @ The Ohio State University (Edward C Fletcher Jr, “No Curriculum Left Behind: The Effects of the No Child Left Behind Legislation on Career and Technical Education,” http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/CTER/v31n3/pdf/fletcher.pdf)

[It is possible that many assume the NCLB…implications for CTE programs.]

CTE key—lack of a workforce collapses energy sustainability

Hyslop 9 – Assoc Director of Public Policy @ Association for Career and Technical Education (Alisha, “CTE's Role in Energy and Environmental Sustainability,” 4/1/09, http://www.allbusiness.com/labor-employment/labor-sector-performance-labor-force/12275431-1.html)

[At all levels of education, from career exploration to … sustainability workforce challenge.]

Science education key to solving warming

Mejia 9 – * Employment Services Manager at South Bay Workforce Investment Board, City University of New York-Baruch College (education) [Robert T. Mejia, “What’s Old is New: Green Jobs & What America’s Federal Workforce Investment System Can Do Now to Develop a Green Workforce”, 1/14/09, www.southbayresource.net/articles/whatsoldisnew.pdf, tables, charts, and graphs omitted]

[In addition to adaptation, science, technology and innovation….. of community and public sector organizations to provide career and academic support, will make a difference.]

Federal leadership key—warming will collapse the biosphere

Mejia 9 – * Employment Services Manager at South Bay Workforce Investment Board, City University of New York-Baruch College (education) [Robert T. Mejia, “What’s Old is New: Green Jobs & What America’s Federal Workforce Investment System Can Do Now to Develop a Green Workforce”, 1/14/09, www.southbayresource.net/articles/whatsoldisnew.pdf, tables, charts, and graphs omitted]

[The goal of this article is to help ... under new leadership.]

Plan key to culture of environmentalism

Elder 9 [James Elder is the Founder and Director of the Campaign for Environmental Literacy (CEL), a network of national stakeholder groups advocating for enhanced federal funding for environmental education “Preparing Americans for the Transition to a Green Economy,” 3-30 http://www.secondnature.org/documents/EAGERCaseStatement_2009-03-30.pdf]

[The U.S. is embarking on a … for a green economy” … the public and develop educated consumers.]

Anthropogenic warming is real

Rahmstorf 8 – * Professor of Physics of the Oceans at Potsdam University (Richard. Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto. Edited by Ernesto Zedillo. “Anthropogenic Climate Change?” Page 42-49)

[It is time to turn to statement B: human activities are altering the climate. This can be broken into two parts. The first is as follows: global climate is warming. This is by now a generally undisputed point (except by novelist Michael Crichton), so we deal with it only briefly. The two leading compilations …. is a reality with which we need to deal.]

Extinction

The Independent 9 [Jonathan Owen, “The planet's future: Climate change 'will cause civilisation to collapse',” July 12 http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/the-planets-future-climate-change-will-cause-civilisation-to-collapse-1742759.html]

[An effort on the scale of the Apollo mission … international peace. Without some agreement, it will be difficult to get the kind of global coherence needed to address climate change seriously."]

Science and sustainability solve all existential threats.

Tonn 7 – * Program Leader of ISSE Environmental Sustainability, Professor Political Science at University of Tennessee, Director of Urban and Regional Planning Program at University of Tennessee, Senior Researcher at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Ph.D., Urban and Regional Planning, Northwestern University; M.S., City and Regional Planning, Graduate School of Design and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; B.S., Civil Engineering, Stanford University [Bruce E. Tonn, Futures, “Futures sustainability”, available 4/13/07, Volume 39, Issue 9, November 2007, Pages 1097-1116 Science Direct]

[Threats to biodiversity are numerous and well known. Studies suggest that the number of species on earth is decreasing faster than the ‘natural’ rate [19]. It can be strongly argued that the biodiversity of the earth is … and manufacturing, transportation, building designs and use, among many areas of contemporary life.]

Contention 2 is Competitiveness—

Lack of science education will destroy US competitiveness

CLA News 8 [Collins Learning Academy, “Report: Retool Instruction, or U.S. Will Fail,” Sept 10 http://www.collinslearningacademy.com/parents.htm]

[Creating a 21st-century education … forging a viable economic future."]

Key to heg

Martino 7 – Senior Fellow at the Foreign Policy Research Institute (Rocco, “A Strategy for Success: Innovation Will Renew American Leadership,” Orbis, Volume 51, Issue 2)

[Much of the foreign policy discussion in …; and the means of execution will have to include a partnership of industry, government, and people.3]

Science and math key to primacy

Gorrell 7 [Ken Gorrell for a New Hampshire-based defense contractor “U.S. Math Woes Add Up to Big Trouble,” Apr 8 http://www.massachusetts.edu/stem/stem_math_woes.html]

[There is a war raging all around us, a war the United States …. The destination - getting the right answer - is important to traditionalists.]

Nuclear war

Kagan 7 – * senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Robert, “End of Dreams, Return of History”, 7/19/07)

[This is a good thing, and it … or a retraction of American influence and global involvement will provide an easier path.]

Plan key to economy

Paulus 9 – * Professor @ North Hennepin Community College (Dr. Eugenia, “STEM Education,” The Star Tribune, http://www.startribune.com/yourvoices/42109707.html?elr=KArksLckD8EQDUoaEyqyP4O:DW3ckUiD3aPc:_Yyc:aUdcOy9cP3DieyckcUsI)

[If you are an educator in science like me, brace yourself for what you will find if you look for data on science education in America collected during the past few years. By the time U.S. students reach ….maintaining America's global leadership.]

That accesses every impact

Green & Schrage 9 [Michael J Green is Senior Advisor and Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Associate Professor at Georgetown University. Steven P Schrage is the CSIS Scholl Chair in International Business and a former senior official with the US Trade Representative's Office, State Department and Ways & Means Committee, “It's not just the economy,”March 26 http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Asian_Economy/KC26Dk01.html]

[Facing the worst … tariffs against Chinese or Indian goods that are produced outside of the framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.]

And, wars go nuclear

Friedberg & Schoenfeld 8 [Aaron Friedberg is a professor of politics and international relations at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School. Gabriel Schoenfeld, senior editor of Commentary, is a visiting scholar at the Witherspoon Institute in Princeton, N.J., “The Dangers of a Diminished America,” Wall Street Journal, Ocbtober 21, 2008, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html]

[With the global financial system in serious trouble, is America's … and the stiff price tag of continued American leadership.]

Contention 4 is Solvency—

National Standards are vital to education success and US competitiveness

McKinney 7/28/09 [Jessica McKinney is a Master of Public Policy candidate in the Trachtenberg School, where she has concentrated on budgeting/public finance. A2004 graduate of Georgetown University, Jessica taught elementary school prior to entering the M.P.P. program, “K–12 Education in the United States Should We Implement National Standards and Assessments?,” Policy Perspectives, http://www.policy-perspectives.org/article/view/4242/10.4079pp.v16i1.4242]

[The federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) …. the United States.]

Uniform state standards fail—race to bottom

Darby 6/16 – Duke University and Writer @ The New Republic (Seyward, “Will the Push for National Education Standards Succeed?” The Plank – Official TNR Blog, http://blogs.tnr.com/tnr/blogs/the_plank/archive/2009/06/16/will-the-push-for-national-education-standards-succeed.aspx)

[Indeed, there's much to be excited about with regard to the project and Duncan's approach to it. But the question remains: Will it actually work? Several people I spoke with aren't swooning just yet; and, it seems, some of the biggest names in education are also skeptical. States … number of tests based on common standards, who knows if it will be enough money."]

Federal leadership is critical—states fail.

Williams & Nation 6 [Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Williams United States Army AND **Dr. Craig Nation, Project Adviser, “NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND POLICY: IS REFORM STILL NECESSARY?” March 15]

[American national business and political … full responsibility for the operation of the system.]

Most qualified experts agree feds key

Goldstein 6/10 [associate editor at The American Prospect; citing Randi Weingarten, American Federation of Teachers President; Joel Klein, New York City schools Chancellor; and Michelle Rhee, D.C. schools Superintendent Dana, “RANDI, RHEE, AND KLEIN: WE DON'T TRUST STATE-LED STANDARDS PUSH,” http://www.prospect.org/csnc/blogs/tapped_archive?month=06&year=2009&base_name=weingarten_rhee_and_klein_we_d -- Tapped is the group blog of The American Prospect]

[Despite the awkwardness, there was one topic about which Weingarten, ….led effort to get there.]

Race the bottom causes overall education to stagnate

Brown 5 – Fellow @ the Center for American Progress, and Elena Rocha, Fellow @ the Center for American Progress (Cindy, “The Case for National Standards, Accountability, and Fiscal Equity,” November 2005, http://www.americanprogress.org/kf/standards-based_framework.pdf)

[In 2001, the standards movement …. varying levels—mostly low—of knowledge, skills and preparedness. Evidence of this abounds.]

Federal commitment key to investor confidence

Sullivan 7 [Jeffrey, A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Industrial Technology Education, “An Analysis of Students' Perceptions of Engineering Concepts in a Technology Education Course at North High School, Eau Claire, WisconsInsert non-formatted text herein,” The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout, April, 2007]

[There is a real sense of anxiety in the …and industry faces today.]

Plan spills over to all sectors of the economy—key to hegemony

USCNS 1 [The United States Commission on National Security A bipartisan commission set up to evaluate the current national security climate and propose changes needed to meet new threats has issued a report that calls for major changes in governmental structures and processes. “Road Map for National Security: Imperative for Change,” http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/nssg/PhaseIIIFR.pdf]

[The scale and nature of the … of national wealth and international power will put all of this at risk. ]

Social services include education

Midgley & Livermore 8 [By James Midgley, the Harry and Riva Specht Professor of Public Social Services and Dean of the School of Social Welfare at the University of California, AND Michelle Livermore is Instructor in the Department of Sociology at Louisiana State University, The Handbook of Social Policy Edition: 2 – 2008, p 10]

[Social services are …. Social workers have played a major role in implementing welfare policies and, particularly, in using family and community welfare policies to discharge their professional obligations.]

2AC Capitalism K

We have crossed the threshold of societal sustainability—technological innovation and free market capitalism are the only way to ensure human survival Atkisson 2k [Alan AtKisson is President and CEO of The AtKisson Group, an international sustainability consultancy to business and government, “Sustainability is Dead— Long Live Sustainability, ” http://www.rrcap.unep.org/uneptg06/course/Robert/SustainabilityManifesto2001.pdf]

We read like 5 cards that pretty much encompass the whole article

Transition to a green economy solves the horrors of capitalism Shekar & Nguyen 8 [Preeti Mangala Shekar is a Berkeley-based feminist activist and journalist, Tram Nguyen is a writer and activist working at the California Reinvestment Coalition ColorLines, “Who Gains from the Green Economy?,” March/April 08 http://www.colorlines.com/printerfriendly.php?ID=276]

Last year, the Oakland-based Ella Baker Center for .... replace eco-capitalism. But I do know that no one will be here to find out, if we don’t first replace gray capitalism.”

Zizek's ethic of the real is tautological and non-falsifiable-reject it Robinson, 05 (Andrew, recently completed his PhD in political theory at the University of Nottingham, Theory and Event, 8/1, “The Political Theory of Constitutive Lack: A Critique”, projectmuse)

Cap key to environment Taylor 3 [Jerry, director of natural resource studies at Cato, 4.23, http://www.cato.org/dailys/04-23-03-2.html]

Indeed, we wouldn't even ... economies, it should be no surprise that most natural resources in the western world are more abundant today than ever before no matter which measure one uses.

No alternative Kliman, 4 (Andrew, professor of economics at Pace University, Alternatives to Capitalism: What Happens After the Revolution?, http://akliman.squarespace.com/writings/)

Concretizing the Vision of a New ... will really count as equal – beginning on the day after the revolution.

Perm solves best-total rejection fragments resistance Gibson-Graham 96 (J.K., Feminist Economists – The End of Capitalism)

One of our goals as Marxists has ... its unity a fantasy, visible as a denial of diversity and change.

2AC T Education

Vocational education is a core part of social services Baillie 72 [Susan PhD, MS in Education from Indiana University and PhD in Social Services from Syracuse University, Adjunct Associate Professor, and Director of Graduate Medical Education at the David Geffen School of Medicine, “The Potential Role of the School as a Site for Integrating Social Services. A Report.”, Educational Policy Research Center and Office of Education (DHEW), Washington DC, EBSCO]

Finally, it would appear that education could ... The notions in our heads of how things “ought to” work so often collide with what actually happens.

And, the plan is a form of job training, not conventional education UN Jobs 9 [“What is Vocational Training,” http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/ampro/cinterfor/publ/tunion/casanova/pdf/what_is.pdf]

In that sense, a general and internationally ... place within the production and labour world

Most limited interpretation includes education Midgley & Livermore 8 [By James Midgley, the Harry and Riva Specht Professor of Public Social Services and Dean of the School of Social Welfare at the University of California, AND Michelle Livermore is Instructor in the Department of Sociology at Louisiana State University, The Handbook of Social Policy Edition: 2 – 2008, p 10]

Social services are regarded by many ... policies to discharge their professional obligations

Excluding education is more unpredictable than including it Hill 3 [Michael Hill is currently Visiting Professor at the University of Brighton, Understanding Social Policy p2]

A chapter on education policy is ... the limits to social policy which is clearly open to challenge; see Cahill (1994, 2002) and Huby (1998) for such a challenge.

We are job training—we use social workers to teach specific career education—that’s Baille. DOE provides job training in high schools Mikelson 4 [KELLY S. MIKELSON is a Research Associate at The Urban Institute, “Estimating Public and Private Expenditures on Occupational Training in the United States, http://wdr.doleta.gov/research/FullText_Documents/training_expenditures_paper_6_30_06.pdf]

report prepared for US Department of Labor

Highlights about Federal Job Training ... small portion of DOJ’s budget, for some job skills training

Title XX includes education and training Ohio Laws and Rules 7 [“5101:2-25-01 Uniform definitions of Title XX services and other definitions of terms used in Chapter 5101:2-25 of the Administrative Code.,” http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/5101%3A2-25-01]

The definitions contained in this rule are to be used by the county department of human services (CDHS) when developing and implementing its Title XX ... occupational, speech, physical); special training and tutoring, including literacy training and pre-vocational training; provision of books, supplies, and instructional material; counseling; transportation; and referral to community resources

2AC AT Heg Bad

1.US power projection is key to preventing terrorism

Boot 03 (Max, Weekly Standard, 5/3, Lexis)

[A short pause to rest…to prevent a recurrence.]

2.This prevents extinction.

Corsi 05 (Atomic Iran pg 176-178)

[The United States retaliates…North Korea might emerge.]

3.Heg solves Asian Stability

White 8 (http://www.iiss.org/conferences/asias-strategic-challenges-in-search-of-a-common-agenda/conference-papers/fifth-session-conflict-in-asia/why-war-in-asia-remains-trailcable-prof-hugh-white/)

[It can help…of this order]

4.Primacy is the only route to global peace – alternative is extinction from nuclear conflict

Lewis 9 (James, http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/09/the_blessings_of_pax_americana.html)

[The Middle East now…war, or tyranny]

5.OSB causes ally backlash- ensures global totalitarianism and war

Donnelly 9 (“Two Cheers for the US Empire!” Google)

[The argument against…worth the reward]

2AC AT Heg Bad - Middle East Stability

A.American Leadership is key to preventing future conflict in the Middle East

Christopher 04 (http://select.nytimes.com/search/restricted/article?res=FB0B14F93D0C738FDPAB0994DC404482)

[America has always been…four year’s failures]

B.Nuclear War

Walker 07 (http://www.metimes.com/Opinion/2007/11/22/analysis_a_mideast_nuclear_war/4411/)

[This would mean…for the global economy]

2AC Agriculture Add-On

Technical education key to agriculture—innovation is vital. Alston 3 – assistant professor of agriscience education @ North Carolina A&T University (Antoine, “USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA,” Journal of Career and Technical Education Volume 20, Number 1, Fall 2003, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JCTE/v20n1/alston.html#FFA)

United States agriculture is one of the most productive systems...every painting ever painted, and every symphony ever composed (Clinton, 1998).

Agricultural collapse causes extinction. Lugar 4 – U.S. Senator (Richard, http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html)

In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning nuclear threats and other crises, it is easy to lose sight of the long-range ... play a decisive humanitarian role in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.

2AC Chemical Industry Add-On

STEM key to the chemical industry Trainham et al 5 (James A. Trainham III, Chairperson, COMMITTEE ON GRAND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY under the Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Sustainability in the Chemical Industry: Grand Challenges and Research Needs - A Workshop Report, pg. 69)

This reality needs to be communicated through education and training...need the systems orientation of green chemistry and sustainability science.

Extinction ICCA 2 (International Council of Chemical Associations), June 20, “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY,” online: http://www.cefic.be/position/icca/pp_ic010.htm)

The key finding of "Our Common Future", (the 1987 report of the United Nations' World Commission on Environment and Development), is that environmental, economic and social concerns ... keeping up international competitiveness as a pre-requisite of sustainable job creation.

2AC T Means-Testing/Poverty Line

We meet—“need-based allocations” ONLY go to schools in poverty. Education Weekly 5 [“Title I” Sept 21 http://www.edweek.org/rc/issues/title-i/]

When most people refer to Title I, they are ... poverty schools and districts and used to provide educational services to students who are educationally disadvantaged or at risk of failing to meet state standards.

Social services aren’t means-tested. Blau & Abramovitz 4 [Joel Blau is Assistant Professor at the School of Social Welfare @ SUNY, Mimi Abramovitz is Professor of Social Policy at Hunter College School of Social Work and the University and Graduate Center, City University of New York, The dynamics of social welfare policy, p 47-8]

The welfare state also includes a wide range of social services....social services are publicly funded but delivered by nonprofit and for-profit organizations.

“For” is NOT exclusive. OED 7 [Oxford English Dictionary, 2007]

Affecting, with regard to, or in respect of (something or someone)

No predictable case list Ruggles 7 [Ph.D. National Academy of Sciences Patricia. CAPITOL HILL HEARING TESTIMONY “MEASURING POVERTY IN AMERICA” August 01, 2007, Lexis-Nexis Congressional]

The two biggest programs that use the federal poverty guidelines in their eligibility criteria are the Food Stamp Program ... allocating grants use estimates produced by a complex model based on data that is several years old.

2AC Obama Good - Link Turns

Key constituents support the plan. McKinney 9 ***ALSO A 1AC CARD *** [Jessica McKinney is a Master of Public Policy candidate in the Trachtenberg School, where she has concentrated on budgeting/public finance. A2004 graduate of Georgetown University, Jessica taught elementary school prior to entering the M.P.P. program, “K–12 Education in the United States Should We Implement National Standards and Assessments?,” Policy Perspectives, http://www.policy-perspectives.org/article/view/4242/10.4079pp.v16i1.4242]

A consensus has been forming in the education policy community. High-profile endorsements...feasibility. Uniform standards and assessments and the status quo are both politically viable.

Winners win Mann 9 ***SHOUT OUT TO ROBERT BALDWIN FOR THIS CARD*** – *Senior Lecturer of Governance Studies @ Brookings Institute [Thomas, “After the 2008 Election: Politics and the Governance in the United States,”, 4/21/09, http://www.brookings.edu/speeches/2009/0421_governance_mann.aspx]

In reality, each presidency has its own political dynamic, shaped by the size of the initial election victory, the contours of the economy, conditions of war or peace, public impressions, and legislative victories and defeats. ... and lays the political groundwork for sustained leadership throughout the life of his administration.

Moderate democrats love the plan. AC 9 (American Chronicle, 6/25/09, http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/107638)

Washington—Ten moderate Senate Democrats today sent a letter to President Barack Obama voicing support for his key education goals...Landrieu (D-LA), Michael Bennet (D-CO), Joseph Lieberman (ID-CT), Bill Nelson (D-FL), Claire McCaskill (D-MO), Mark Warner (D-VA) and Herb Kohl (D-WI).

No opposition to nationalized education standards. Cary 9 – *frequent contributor to American Thinker (Lee, "Nationalizing Public Education Comes After Health Care" http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/06/nationalizing_public_education.html)

So we come to the point where the financial markets, the auto industry and eventually the health care industry will function under the aegis of the federal government. It's clear from his campaign rhetoric what will come next -- America's public education system. Candidate ... certification standards as national teachers, and jump through bureaucratic hoops that'll eventually dissuade many from being their child's teacher as well as their parent.

2AC States CP

Feds key Business Roundtable 5 [A Statement by AeA, Business Roundtable, Business-Higher Education Forum, Computer Systems Policy Project, Council on Competitiveness, Information Technology Association of America, Information Technology Industry Council, Minority Business RoundTable, National Association of Manufacturers, National Defense Industrial Association, Semiconductor Industry Association, Software & Information Industry Association, TechNet, Telecommunications Industry Association, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce “Tapping America's potential: The education for innovation initiative,” http://www.uschamber.com/NR/rdonlyres/epivg5lni4pxype7by6h3gl5kpkbr3hyief6oxhbv4dgodcj4kmizkva2oe542sdaq2cx33sxce36i3jgwmflzf2q6b/050727_tapstatement.pdf]

For most of the 20th century, the American education system provided a substantial part of the talent ... We recognize that we will have to make our case to the American people to build the political support for moving this issue to the top of the national agenda.

Federal leadership key Allen 8 [Rick “Has the Time Come for National Standards?,” InfoBrief Volume 15 | Issue 2 http://www.ascd.org/publications/newsletters/infobrief/vol15/issue2/summary/Has_the_Time_Come_for_National_Standards¢.aspx]

Current education and political leaders have reignited the debate about national standards, calling them a new imperative to ensure...national standards are about equity—assuring all students access to the same high-quality education.

States cause race to bottom McNeil 9 [Michele, Education Weekly, “Standards To Receive Fresh Push,” http://www.edweek.org/login.html?source=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2009/04/22/29standards-2.h28.html&destination=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2009/04/22/29standards-2.h28.html&levelId=2100]

Over the past quarter century, the push has advanced in fits and starts. For example, an advisory panel ... good until we have curriculum and assessments that go with it," Ms. Haycock said. "The big risk is: So we have standards. Now what?"

No industry partnerships Wakelyn 7 [David, Education Division @ NGA Center for Best Practices “Retooling Career Technical Education,” http://www.nga.org/Files/pdf/0706TECHED.PDF]

Although CTE programs are shifting away from an old voc-ed mentality to embrace ...CTE curricula typically fit poorly with state standards and assessments.

Perm do both-solves the net benefit Adler 7 [Jonathan H., Professor of Law and Co-Director, Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law “WHEN IS TWO A CROWD? THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL ACTION ON STATE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION”, 31 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 67, Lexis]

Third, policy-makers are, to some extent, utility maximizers such that, all else equal, they will invest in policies that provide the greatest benefits and lowest costs to them...provision of that policy goal, all else being equal, a state policy-maker will prefer to legislate where the federal government is less active.

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVE - Feminism K

Social services are crafted from an androcentric perspective—focus on state and societal security reinforces gendered binaries and knowledge domination by perpetuating masculine perspectives Shaw 4 [Kathleen M. Shaw is associate professor of Urban Education, Temple University, "Using Feminist Critical Policy Analysis in the Realm of Higher Education" The Journal of Higher Education 75.1 (2004) 56-79, Muse]

Policy analysis is never value-neutral. However, it is often silent on the issue of gender. As a result, traditional policy analysis.....which welfare recipients actually describe their experiences can help us to develop a fuller, more nuanced understanding of the ways in which this policy functions within the contexts of womyn's lives.

That’s the root cause of war and violence—try or die Reardon 93 [Betty, a UN consultant and human rights education author, “Women and Peace- Feminist Visions of Global Secunty”, p. 30-31]

In an article entitled "Naming the Cultural Forces That Push Us toward War" (1983), Charlene Spretnak focused on some of the fundamental cultural factors that deeply influence ways of thinking about security...motive to cause large-scale environmental degradation and force others to such grinding poverty that may be compelled to become unwilling and unwitting partners in crime, eroding the very basis of their own survival.

Vote negative to reject the aff’s gendered politics and endorse a feminist standpoint epistemology Stabile & Rentschler 5 [*Carol A., Stabile is an Associate Professor in the Department of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Wisconsin, ** Carrie Rentschler is an Assistant Professor of Communication Studies in the Department of Art History and Communication Studies at McGill University in Montreal, “States of Insecurity and the Gendered Politics of Fear,” NWSA Journal 17.3 (2005) vii-xxv, Muse.]

In our own struggles over the meaning of the word security...aggression, and androcentric self-interest

AT Perm

Peterson 92 [V. Spike, professor of political science at the University of Arizona, Gendered States, ed: Peterson, p. 8]

In general, the deconstructive project documents the extcnt and ... point that I hope is reasonably familiar

Pandey 6 [Anupam, thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctorate of philosophy department of political science Carleton university, forgin bonds with womyn, nature and the third world: an ecofeminist critique of international relations, proquest]

The case-study demonstrates ... under the pretext of “objectivity”.

AT Schmitt

internal contradictions make the philosophy doomed to failure Van Munster et al 6 [Rens Van Munster is assistant professor at the Department of. Political Science at the University of Southern Denmark, Claudia Aradau, Thierry Balzacq, Tugba Basaran, Didier Bigo, Philippe Bonditti, Christian Büger, Stephan Davidshofer, Xavier Guillaume, Emmanuel-Pierre Guittet, Jef Huysmans, Julien Jeandesboz, Matti Jutila, “Critical Approaches to Security in Europe: A Networked Manifesto,” 2006; 37; 443 Security Dialogue, EBSCO]

The question of exceptionalism has recently become a site of intense ... antagonistic or aporetic limits? The problem of the exception, once liberated from its Schmittian overdetermination, must come back to haunt the critical project at its ever-receding horizons.

AT Realism

1. Alt solves—realism is only inevitable in a hypermasculine framework Peterson 2k [V Spike, Associate Professor of Political Science @ Arizona, SAIS Review, 20.2, rereading public and private: the dichotomy that is not one, project muse]

In addition, relegating womyn to ... knowing and being, which differ systematically from men's (due to institutionalized gender hierarchies). In sum, the bias of androcentrism is problematic analytically and politically: it not only reproduces hierarchical assumptions conceptually but also institutionalizes hierarchy in material practices.

2. Try or die—adhering to inevitability of realism makes war and violence inevitable Blanchard 3 [Eric M. Blanchard, PhD Candidate in the School of International. Relations at the University of Southern California, “Gender, International Relations, and the Development of Feminist Security Theory,” Signs, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Summer, 2003), pp. 1289-1312 Jstor]

Tickner's book in particular presents an early feminist critique of the realist tradition and the first step to evaluating prevalent notions of security from a gender-sensitive perspective. With its military focus, IR security studies had become, according to Tickner, .... merged, Sylvester (1987) warns that such a merger may obscure the diversity of womyn’s different relationships with peace seen, for example, between the mother and the womyn warrior.

3. It’s not inevitable Grondin 4 [David, master of pol sci and PHD of political studies @ U of Ottowa “(Re)Writing the “National Security State”: How and Why Realists (Re)Built the(ir) Cold War,” http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/ieim/IMG/pdf/rewriting_national_security_state.pdf]

In explaining national security conduct, realist...like Brooks and Wohlforth, consciously want to perpetuate it: “Today the costs and dangers of the Cold War have faded into history, but they need to be kept in mind in order to assess unipolarity accurately” (Brooks and Wohlforth, 2002: 30).

AT Empiricism/Jarvis/Rationality Good

1. T/Their appeal to rationalism is only through the lens of American exceptionalism—it taints their predictions and their studies only to mold it to realist theory with no empirical reality. Grondin 4 [David, master of pol sci and PHD of political studies @ U of Ottowa “(Re)Writing the “National Security State”: How and Why Realists (Re)Built the(ir) Cold War,” http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/ieim/IMG/pdf/rewriting_national_security_state.pdf] Hans Morgenthau once said that “the intellectual ... that would neither appear nor claim to do so.

2. No Link and T/We don’t reject rationalism or that there is a static worldview. Rather, the way we engage that real world is implicated by how we understand it. Grondin 4 [cite above] Given my poststructuralist inclinations, I do not subscribe to the positivistic social ... inter- textuality a powerful social and personal experience” (Porcel, 2002: 150).

3. Our alternative solves this better—our deconstruction is based on critizing their flawed rationality Grondin 4 [cite above]

Intertextuality and .... to assess unipolarity accurately” (Brooks and Wohlforth, 2002: 30).

Positive Peace Stuff

And, their focus on peace as the absence of war causes inevitable militarism and violence—makes true peace impossible Manchanda 1 [Rita Manchanda is the Programme Executive of South Asia Forum for Human Rights, “Redefining and Feminising Security,” Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 36, No. 22 (Jun. 2-8, 2001), pp. 1956-1963, JSTOR]

Gendered Notion of Security Feminist scholarship .... exclude women from power" [Dan Smith 1999].

Framework/Epistemology

Plan focus bad Risman 4 [Barbara J. Risman is Associate Professor of Sociology and Found Director of Women 's Studies at North Carolina State University, “Gender as a Social Structure: Theory Wrestling with Activism” Gender and Society, Vol. 18, No. 4 (Aug., 2004), pp. 429-450 Jstor]

Giddens's (1984) structuration ... distribution and material goods are gender specific

And, their epistemology must be a prior question in social policy McKeen 6 [Wendy McKeen is an Associate Professor at the School of Social Work, York University, “Diminishing the concept of social policy: The shifting conceptual ground of social policy debate in Canada,” Critical Social Policy 2006; 26; 865, JSTOR]

This paper attempts to shed further light on these ... moving towards a ‘low road’ social policy system

That turns solvency Schram 93 [Sanford F. Schram is Visiting Professor and the Director of the Center on Ethnicities, Communities, and Social Policy at Bryn Mawr College, “Postmodern policy analysis: Discourse and identity in welfare policy,” Policy Sciences 26: 249 270, 1993 JSTOR]

Even public policy analysis has been affected ... welfare taking by female headed families.

And, it means the alt solves the case better Schram 93 [Sanford F. Schram is Visiting Professor and the Director of the Center on Ethnicities, Communities, and Social Policy at Bryn Mawr College, “Postmodern policy analysis: Discourse and identity in welfare policy,” Policy Sciences 26: 249 270, 1993 JSTOR]

Postmodern inquiry into the discursive ... discursively reproduced reality

NEGATIVE - T Healthcare

a. Social services exclude health Gais 9 [Thomas L. Gais is Senior Fellow @ The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government of State University, “Stretched Net: The Retrenchment of State and Local Social Welfare Spending Before the Recession,” The Journal of Federalism Advance Access originally published online on May 18, 2009, http://publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/pjp011]

These findings are based largely on data from the U.S. Census Bureau's .... earned income tax credits, individual development accounts, and "diversion" or one-time payments to help needy families avoid regular "welfare" recipiency.

Explodes the topic PPA 5 [Planned Parenthood Advocates, “2005 FINAL BILL SUMMARY BILLS THAT RESTRICT ACCESS TO PROGRAMS & SERVICES” http://www.ppadvocates.org/2005_Final_Bill_Summary.pdf]

Prevents any agency from receiving state funds if they provide pregnant .... devastate many small health and social welfare agencies. SB164 and HB330 not heard; HB586 passed Rules (on second hearing) but did not go to the floor for debate

Gais is a social policy expert—most precise interpretation SUNY News File 3 [State University New York News, “Partners in Advancing New York,” No date given, cites most recent data from 20003 http://www.suny.edu/files/sunynewsfiles/pdf/PartnersinAdvancingNY.pdf]

The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government .... and universities throughout the state in its projects

Separate literature base Hambrick & Rog 2k [RALPH S. HAMBRICK is an Associate Professor in the De partment of Public Administration at Virginia Common wealth University, DEBRA J. ROG is a research fellow at the Vanderbilt University Institute for Public Policy Studies, “The Pursuit of Coordination: The organizational Dimension in the Response to Homelessness,” Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 28, No. 2,2000 (353-364)]

The set of human services available in society .... price homeless family fragmented system of services

US code explicitly excludes health Green Book 3 [The House Ways and Means Committee Green Book provides program descriptions and historical data, “SECTION 10 - TITLE XX SOCIAL SERVICES BLOCK GRANT PROGRAM,” http://waysandmeans.house.gov/media/pdf/greenbook2003/Section10.pdf]

The purpose of the Title XX Social Services Block Grant... as a social service except wages of welfare recipients employed in child day care

Title XX is best—excludes health Parham 82 [Jim, former professsor of social welfare at the University of Georgia Administration In Social Work, 6:2, “Social Service Issues and Challenges in the 1980’s'”, August, DOI: 10.1300/J147v06n02_08]

Before I go further, let me state that in pursuing these topics...goals in the Title XX Statute (Slack, 1979).

NEGATIVE - T Welfare

Cash transfers is not a social service Lynch 9 [Karen, Analyst in Social Policy at the Congressional Research Service Social Services Block Grant (Title XX of the Social Security Act), 6/8, Congressional Universe] Note: SSBG = Social Services Block Grant

Although the SSBG can be used for a broad..of these prohibitions (use of the SSBG for the purchase of land or capital improvements, or for the provision of medical care).

And, Title XX defines social services as eliminating dependence Stewart 78 [SUPREME COURT JUSTICE, WRITING FOR A UNANIMOUS SUPREME COURT MAJORITY QUERN, DIRECTOR, DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC AID OF ILLINOIS, ET AL. v. MANDLEY ET AL. No. 76-1159 SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 436 U.S. 725; 98 S. Ct. 2068; 56 L. Ed. 2d 658; 1978 U.S. LEXIS 101]

And the declared purpose of the ... self-support to prevent, reduce, or eliminate dependency

That is strict US code—most precise STATE OF MICHIGAN TITLE XX SOCIAL SERVICES BLOCK GRANT PLAN 8 STATE OF MICHIGAN, Department of Human Services, Administration for Budget, Analysis and Financial Management

Section 2006 of Title XX of the Social ... regulations and are reflected in the state of Michigan's Title XX Social Services Block Grant Report

US census bureau proves US Census Bureau 9 [“Federal, State, and Local Governments Government Finance and Employment Classification Manual DESCRIPTIONS OF FUNCTIONAL CATEGORIES,” Created in 2k, Last revised: April 01 2009, http://www.census.gov/govs/www/classfunc75.html]

PUBLICATION CATEGORIES: Social Services ... income housing assistance (report at Housing and Community Development, code 50

Precise and inclusive definitions are key Benedict & Farelb 3 [Ruth E Benedict, *Department of Kinesiology, Program in Occupational Therapy, School of Education, University of Wisconsin, AND ** Anita M Farelb Department of Maternal and Child Health, Chapel Hill, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, “Identifying children in need of ancillary and enabling services: a population approach,” Social Science & Medicine Volume 57, Issue 11, December 2003, Pages 2035-2047]

Definitions are the means by ... the benefits to children, their families, and society are great.

Federal definition key to effective policy making Rein 72 [Martin Rein is Professor in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “Decentralization and Citizen Participation in Social Services,” Public Administration Review, Vol. 32, Special Issue: Curriculum Essays on Citizens, Politics, and Administration in Urban Neighborhoods (Oct., 1972), pp. 687-700]

Efforts to plan for the delivery of services have ... depending on what the individual needs (10

Broad definitions render social services meaningless—narrow definition are key to TSE Wickenden 76 [Elizabeth, Professor of Urban Studies at the City University of New York The Social Service Review, December, v. 50, n.4, 570–585, JSTOR]

Anyone who undertakes to write about ... federal expenditure (p. 64). What occurred was, in effect, a premature excursion into what we have since come to know as revenue sharing.

Welfare is fundamentally distinct Johri 5 [Pradeep Kumar Radeep Kumar Johri, Social Work for Community Development 11-12]

A perusal....improve its status

NEGATIVE - HC Bad

No healthcare crisis IBD 7/17/09 [Investor’s Business Daily, “Reformers' Claims Just Don't Add Up ” http://www.ibdeditorials.com/IBDArticles.aspx?id=332723342557746]

• America has a health care ... will probably be needed to close the gap

Public option destroys private insurance industry—collapses economy Herzlinger 9 [Regina E. Herzlinger is the Nancy R. McPherson Professor of Business Administration Chair at the Harvard Business School, “Health Care Reform that Will Kill the U.S. Economy,” April 27 http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/miarticle.htm?id=4491]

The comparison between the administrative ... our ability to provide medical care to the sick

And, crowd-out alone collapses the industry Moffit 8 [Robert E. Moffit, Ph.D., is Director of the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “How a Public Health Plan Will Erode Private Care,” Dec 22 http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/bg2224.cfm]

Based on independent assessments...operating within a national health insurance exchange

That turns solvency—private insurers key to sustainable health Mankiw 9 [N. Gregory Mankiw is a professor of economics at Harvard. He was an adviser to President George W. Bush, “The Pitfalls of the Public Option” June 27 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/28/business/economy/28view.html?_r=1]

Recall a basic lesson of economics: A ... the best health care at the best prices

Cost decreases would be unsustainable D'Angelo 9 [Greg D'Angelo is Policy Analyst in the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “A New Public Health Plan: How Congressional Details Will Impact Doctors and Patients” June 12 http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/wm2482.cfm]

If Congress creates a ... existing private coverage

And it increases the number of uninsured D'Angelo 9 [Greg D'Angelo is Policy Analyst in the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “A New Public Health Plan: How Congressional Details Will Impact Doctors and Patients” June 12 http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/wm2482.cfm]

While many claim that a public plan would ... not less--to cross-subsidize the public plan

And, it makes care low-quality—increases costs Rosenbloom 9 [Frank S. Rosenbloom, M.D. is president of Oregon Right to Life, affiliate of the National Right to Life Committee to oppose abortion, “The Failed Promises of Government Funded Health Care,” July 7, The American Thinker]

Today President Obama theorizes ... reduce access to quality care and hold health care markets hostage to political exploitation.

Structure is irrelevant—it would destroy the industry CQ 9 [Public Plan ‘Devastating’ In Any Form, Insurers Say, June 23 http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=1&docID=cqmidday-000003151041&mp=Most_Viewed]

Lobbies representing the insurance industry ... declines in private coverage and leaving hundreds of billions of dollars to be covered by the federal budget.

Their efficiency evidence is based on flawed economics Cannon 9 [Michael F. Cannon, “Fannie Med? Why a “Public Option” Is Hazardous to Your Health,” Aug 6, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa642.pdf]

Supporters of a new government ... private insurance is more efficient than government insurance

They don’t promote efficiency—plan causes cuts in safety sectors that turns disease Cannon 9 [Michael F. Cannon, “Fannie Med? Why a “Public Option” Is Hazardous to Your Health,” Aug 6, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa642.pdf]

[S]ome administrative costs ... percent administrative share

Healthcare causes unemployment Rosenbloom 9 [Frank S. Rosenbloom, M.D. is president of Oregon Right to Life, affiliate of the National Right to Life Committee to oppose abortion, “The Failed Promises of Government Funded Health Care,” July 7, The American Thinker]

It is naïve to believe that increased ... increasing costs, rising taxes, and unending dependence on government

Healthcare destroys hospitals Moffit 8 [Robert E. Moffit, Ph.D., is Director of the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “How a Public Health Plan Will Erode Private Care,” Dec 22 http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/bg2224.cfm]

Lost Hospital Revenues. If eligibility for enrollment in a public plan was opened to all employees and payments were at a level midpoint between private and Medicare payment, hospitals would find goods and services, thus reducing their availability

Backbone of the economy Business Week 6 [“What's Really Propping Up The Economy,” Sept 25 http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_39/b4002001.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_businessweek+exclusives]

If you really want to understand ... when the Internet frenzy kicked into high gear

Fast shift to public plan destroys hospitals Moffit 8 [Robert E. Moffit, Ph.D., is Director of the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “How a Public Health Plan Will Erode Private Care,” Dec 22 http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/bg2224.cfm]

For doctors and hospitals, the ... and paid physicians on the basis of Medicare rates: $36.4 billion in reduced physician revenue.[

Causes nation-wide insolvency Serota 9 [Scott P. Serota, president and chief executive officer of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association (BCBSA), “Government-Run Health Plan In House Draft Bill Would Cause Tens Of Millions To Lose Employer Coverage They Currently Enjoy,” June 19 http://www.bcbs.com/news/bcbsa/government-run-health-plan-would-cause-millions-to-lose-employer-coverage.html]

An independent analysis by the ... patients by 26 percent, compared to other facilities

It shoots up health spending—collapses fiscal discipline Hennessey 7/16/09 [Keith, Former head of the National Economic Council, economic policy writer “Wrong health reform will hurt economy,” http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0709/24984.html]

After the vice president admitted the administration had ... jobs and calcify our flexible labor force

The turn outweighs—their internal link is based on business—they get hit hardest from spending Moffit 8 [Robert E. Moffit, Ph.D., is Director of the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “How a Public Health Plan Will Erode Private Care,” Dec 22 http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/bg2224.cfm]

With the creation of a new taxpayer-subsidized ... the government officials promise

Spending is unsustainable—collapses the economy Hennessey 7/16/09 [Keith, Former head of the National Economic Council, economic policy writer “Wrong health reform will hurt economy,” http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0709/24984.html]

When you expand government health insurance, government ... ever-increasing tax burden

Their cost estimates are 7x too small Tanner 9 [Michael Tanner is public author and senior fellow with the Cato Institute, “Obamacare to Come Seven Bad Ideas for Health Care Reform” May 21, http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa638.pdf]

No one knows how much the final health care ... pledge not to raise taxes on the middle class

CBO study proves they don’t reduce the deficit Smith 7/24/09 [Dennis G, Senior Fellow in Health Care Reform @ Heritage, Public Administration @ George Mason U, “New Taxpayer Subsidies: The Impact of the House and Senate Health Bills,” http://www.heritage.org/Research/HealthCare/wm2564.cfm]

Douglas Elmendorf, director .. new federal spending will simply replace current dollars

Won’t generate savings and costs o/w MacGuineas 9 [Maya MacGuineas is President of Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget and Director of New America's Fiscal Policy Program, “Health Reform's Savings Myth,” May 31 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/29/AR2009052903235.html]

Expanding insurance to cover ... let alone fix the federal budget

NEGATIVE - Impact Turns v Carrolton

China is driven by a nationalist goal of surprise attacking the US—If they successfully militarize it will cripple hegemony, destroy the economy, and cause nuclear and biological terrorism Nyquist 7 [J.R., Geopolitical and economic theorist and thug, “China’s Military Strategy,” 3/9/7, http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2007/0309.html]

In October 1991, China’s paramount leader, Deng Xiaoping, went to watch the .... Chinese prepare to slaughter us. We blink and avert our gaze

US will win the war now—key to preventing successful armament of destructive weapons Godwin 2k [Paul, Prof Intl Affairs National War College, visiting Prof at Chinese National Defense University, HB Washington Journal of Modern China. China's Defense Modernization: Aspirations and Capabilities http://www.ndu.edu/inss/symposia/pacific2000/godwinpaper.htm]

It is a daunting task to assess Beijing’s defense modernization ... Although tactically mobile ground-launched missiles could well ease the apprehension over the survivability of its deterrent force, building several SSBNs may add to Beijing’s confidence that China’s deterrent force is viewed as credible shadow.

War good Nyquist 5 [JR Geopolitical Global Analyst "Recent China Revelations,” WeeklyColumn July, http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2005/0701.html]

On June 9 the Washington Times published a story by Bill Gertz titled Analysts Missed Chinese Buildup. When root assumptions are wrong, basic information will be processed incorrectly. According to Gertz, a “highly classified intelligence report... of our Aegis anti-air weapon system. In a war with China U.S. servicemen will be killed by U.S. technology in Chinese hands

War inevitable—question of whether or not we can win Clausen 5 [Perry, Lt., Air traffic Control Consultant, Former Military Ed. w/ Aviation Week & Space Tech, “Thinking About China's Navy, Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute,” 0041798X, May2005, Vol. 131, Issue 5]

The United States is headed ... today can make all the difference.

Regional civil wars good—solve long-term peace Luttwak 99 [Edward N. Luttwak is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, “Give War a Chance,” July 99 http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/55210/edward-n-luttwak/give-war-a-chance]

AN UNPLEASANT truth often overlooked is that although war is a great evil... powers, so the unfortunate consequences of interrupting war persist while no greater danger is averted. It might be best for all parties to let minor wars burn themselves out

Bosnia proves Luttwak 99 [Edward N. Luttwak is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, “Give War a Chance,” July 99 http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/55210/edward-n-luttwak/give-war-a-chance]

Today cease-fires and armistices ... hold only when war is truly over

Key to sustainable peace Luttwak 99 [Edward N. Luttwak is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, “Give War a Chance,” July 99 http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/55210/edward-n-luttwak/give-war-a-chance]

Too MANY wars nowadays ... useful function: to bring peace.

NEGATIVE - Zizek K

The aff’s crisis rhetoric perspective misidentifies the real: lurking beneath every fantasy of peace and resolution is the threat of chaos. Zizek 2004 (Slavoj, Birkbeck Institite for the Humanities, Conversations with Zizek, Glyn Daly, 78-79) Here I would agree with Laclau and Mouffe’s notion ... formal, structurally inherent, self-blockade

This ideological ruse is simply a tool to prevent us from confronting the real Shimikobe 2008 (Michiko, issue 42, Professor of English at University of Tokyo, “”The Language of the Nuclear Age” http://www.theasa.net/journals/name/the_american_review/) After World War II, members of the ... nuclear power, which is intrinsically unspeakable

To protect ourselves from this intrusion of the Real, we have all acquiesced to the spell of ideology.—a fantasy in which it is possible to overcome the inevitable crises. Constantly on the brink, some small corrective measure defers our confrontation with the Real, moving us towards a new world order requiring the eradication of certain groups deemed risks, rather than recognizing the intrinsically risky nature of the entire symbolic venture. Zizek 2004 (Conversations with Zizek, 12-13) The central issue is one ... ideological supplement in today’s realpolitik

Thus the alternative: vote negative to render the catastrophe of the affirmative unavoidable. The true catastrophe of the status quo is that it condemns us to life lead under the shadow of catastrophe. Voting negative embraces a post-apocalyptic world, reconfiguring the politics of the present and breaking the spell of ideology. Zizek 2003 (The Puppet and the Dwarf, 159-166)

NEGATIVE - Federalism Turns

1. T/Russia a. They model PR Newswire 5 [PRNewswire Association “Members of Congress to Address Russian Federal and Regional Leaders at Moscow School of Political Studies Seminar; Annual Event to Focus on Federalism, Intergovernmental Relations, and U.S.-Russia Relations “ April 7th]

Members of Congress, including Senators ... priorities, and economic issues.

b. Prolif Kupchan 2k [director of Europe and Eurasia a political risk consultancy Clifford Kupchan, Spring 2000, “Devolution Drives Russian Reform,” www.twq.com/spring00/232kupchan.pdf]

Devolution of power does pose some formidable ... or historic responsibility for them.

c. Extinction Taylor 6 [Chairman of NOVA, former nuclear weapons designer Theodore B. Taylor, July 6 2006, “Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,” http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/Breakthrough/book/chapters/taylor.html]

d. Federalism key to Russian economy Kommersant 6 [“EUROPE DOES NOT OBJECT” No 5, February, Natalia Gorodetskaya) Lexis]

Without any pressure from official Moscow...much) but it proceeded in what they called "a correct and vital direction."

e. Nuclear war David 99 [Steven David, Jan/Feb 1999. Prof. of political science at Johns Hopkins. Foreign Affairs, lexis]

If internal war does... Russian civil war.

2. T/India a. They model Smith 6 [Adam M. Smith, Chayes Fellow, Harvard Law School, 2006 “Making Itself at HomeUnderstanding Foreign Law in Domestic Jurisprudence: The Indian Case” 24 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 218]

Modern India has also been strongly ... consultant to the assembly. 88

b. Destroys their economy Rohit Sachdev 6 [J.D./M.B.A. Candidate, Columbia University School of Law, Columbia University Graduate School of Business, 2006 “Comparing The Legal Foundations Of Foreign Direct Investment In India And China” 2006 COLUM. BUS. L. REV. 167]

This discrepancy between ... to its foreign investors

c. That’s key to prevent global instability, Middle East war, and Indo/Pak conflict Garten 95 [Jeffrey, Under Secretary for Commerce, Federal News Service, 3/7]

Paramounting among those interests are the commercial opportunities that are increasingly at the heart of the Clinton Administration’s foreign policy. But it is impossible to separate those commercial interests from our broader interests. Economic reforms ... century ahead -- or one with whom the promise of cooperation and friendship is greater.

NEGATIVE - Politics DAs (Ghill)

Healthcare will pass this fall with a public option—capital key—failure destroys the whole agenda Creamer 9/3/09 [Robert Creamer is a longtime political organizer and strategist, and author of the recent book: Stand Up Straight: How Progressives Can Win, “Why Health Insurance Reform Will Pass This Fall -- It's the High Political Ground” Huffington Post]

Forget about the talking heads' narrative about ... that the cavalry has arrived. I believe we will win

Social spending causes partisan fights The Hill 9 [“Dems push to halt GOP’s funding ban on social programs” 6/30/09 http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-push-to-halt-gops-funding-ban-on-social-programs-2009-06-30.html]

Democratic appropriators plan to end a number ... which he opposes personally.

Key to climate legislation—solves warming The Examiner 9/1 [“Energy and climate legislation meanders through Senate,” http://www.examiner.com/x-2903-Energy-Examiner~y2009m9d1-Energy-and-climate-legislation-meanders-through-Senate]

A failure to pass a comprehensive ... where our debts of the past are now due

Extinction The New York End Times 6 The New York End Times is a non-partisan, non-religious, non-ideological, free news filter. We monitor world trends and events as they pertain to two vital threats - war and extinction. We use a proprietary methodology to quantify movements between the extremes of war and peace, harmony and extinction. http://newyorkendtimes.com/extinctionscale.asp]

We rate Global Climate Change as a greater threat ... climate change. We monitor war separately. However we also need to incorporate the dangers here

NEGATIVE - Gay Marriage Bad (Ghill)

States rights make more rampant homophobia inevitable Gravel 2007 (Mike, Senator, August 14, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sen-mike-gravel/hillary-chooses-states-ri_b_60351.html) During last week's historic gay debate, ... marriage equality over the next decade

The drive for gay marriage fundamentally reinscribes the otherizing of heternormativity they claim to solve: it renders certain forms of human relations illegitimate Warner 2000 (Michael, Professor of English @ Yale, The Trouble with Normal, 82) But the invidiousness of Hyde's ... married and the unmarried

Expanding the benefits of marriage privileges a small elite of queer subjects at the expense of others Smith 2001 (Anna Marie, Prof of Gov at Cornell, Theory and Even 5.5, 17-18, MUSE) If Stevens wants to abolish ... marriage already constitutes a profoundly interventionary social engineering program entirely escapes Sullivan's grasp

Marriage as a political goal is counterproductive: it locks us into state-based sexual regulation and devalues other nonnormative identities Smith 2001 (Anna Marie, Prof of Gov at Cornell, Theory and Even 5.5, 17-18, MUSE) Warner contends that the "politics ... patriarchal and misogynist pressures

NEGATIVE - De-Dev (Ghill)

Economic growth unsustainable—collapse inevitable Mackenzie 8 [Deborah Mackenzie 4/5 – BBC Correspondant. Quotes Joe Tainter - an archaeologist at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, and author of the 1988 book The Collapse of Complex Societies, and Yaneer Bar-Yam, head of the New England Complex Systems Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts 4/5/2008 “Are WE doomed?” Ebsco]

DOOMSDAY. The end of civilisation. Literature and film ... required to keep cities growing and prevent stagnation or collapse, and in the long run this cannot be sustainable.

Growth causes war Deudney 91 [Hewlett Fellow in Science, Technology, and Society at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Princeton (Daniel, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Ebsco]

Poverty Wars. In a second scenario...specialized industrial products and surplus wealth

Decline now solves environmental collapse and extinction Chen 2K [Jim - Prof of law U of Minneasota, Now Dean of Law School at Louisville “Globalization and Its Losers:, 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157’ HeinOnline, I’ll email you the article if you don’t have the database]

Globalization marks the end of an epoch...culture, and health and environment supply the primary - per- haps even exclusive - fault lines for legal debate.

Growth causes terrorism Trainer 2 [Senior Lecturer of School of Social Work @ University of New South Wales [Ted, “If you want affluence, prepare for War,” Democracy & Nature: The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy, July, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p. 281-299]

The crucial role of oppression within the empire is made clear in the following quotes...share and go on seeing most of their resources flow to us.

Economic growth causes opop Abernethy 93 [Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1993 http://www.carryingcapacity.org/va2.html]

Historical and crosscultural .... family size preferences expand

Extinction Woolridge 9 [Frosty, former US Army Medical Service Corps officer, “America galloping toward its greatest crisis in the 21st century,” http://www.examiner.com/x-3515-Denver-Political-Issues-Examiner~y2009m5d22-America-galloping-toward-its-greatest-crisis-in-the-21st-century]

The population issue accelerates at Warp 9, ... not unlikely) case, a nuclear war ending civilization

10 in the crunch Ehrlich 74 [Paul, Professor of Biology @ Stanford New York Times]

Furthermore, there are other pernicious fallacies ... book, “Famine-1975!”) , and the point is now moot, since we have no more surplus food.

Growth causes water wars Speth 8 [Rhodes Scholar @ Oxford University, Chairman of Council on Environmental Quality for Executive Office, Founder of World Recourses Institute (Think-Tank), Led the Western Hemisphere Dialogue on Environment and Development, Administrator of United Nations Development Program, Dean of Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Leader of the President’s Task Force on Global Recourses and the Environment, Holds multiple awards—National Wildlife Federation’s Recourse Defense Award and Lifetime Achievement Award of Environmental Law Institute, and Blue Planet Prize, James, “The Bridge at the Edge of the World”, p21]

It has been said that there are alternative sources of energy, but there ... Sachs water analyst told the New York Times in 2006.

Extinction Weiner 90 [Prof. At Princeton Jonathan, The Next 100 Years p. 270]

If we do not destroy ourselves with the A-bomb and the ... the world has stockpiled since Trinity

Growth causes pesticide use Montague 4 [Peter, Co-founder & director of the Environmental Research Foundation in Maryland “The Chemical Wars”]

The current system ... economic enterprise depends

Pesticide use leads to extinction. True Health no date [“Self-extinction by Agriculture” http://www.truehealth.org/agnew05.html]

This forecast details the pesticides load upon ... authors, will be, first and foremost, our own

NEGATIVE - Coercion K (Memorial)

Social services destroy the free market and are doomed to failure Vance 9 [Laurence Vance, Adjunct Instructor in Accounting – Pensacola Junior College, “Does Capitalism Need Adjustment?” 1-13-2009, http://mises.org/story/3287]

One of the worst things that has .... but unfettered, laissez-faire, free-market capitalism

Upholding the free market is key to preventing the worst types of violence Carden 4 (Art, graduate student in economics at Washington University in St. Louis, June, The Free Market, The Mises Institute Monthly, “Mistaken Identity,” vol. 24, no. 6, www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=497&sortorder=articledate)

In fact, many wars occur .... killed thousands, Hitler millions, Stalin and Mao tens of millions.

Vote negative to endorse the free market Tanner 96 [Michael, Director of Health and Welfare Studies at CATO . BA in government from Norwich . Author of numerous books and peer reviewed articles on poverty “Replacing Welfare,” November/December 1996, http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/cpr-18n6-1.html]

What would happen to the poor if welfare were eliminated? First, without .... through a newly invigorated system of private charity.

Moral obligation to vote neg Minto 2k [Karen Minto, Full Context, “Ayn Rand and Objectivism: An Introduction,” 2000, http://www.fullcontext.org/Objectivism/politics.htm]

Ayn Rand insisted that any governmental ... second of our lives

Social services destroy individual liberty through coercion—causes all other impacts, kills solvency, and outweighs all—vote negative to endorse the free market Williams 96 [Walter E. Williams is John M. Olin Distinguished Professor of Economics at George Mason University, “THE ARGUMENT FOR FREE MARKETS: MORALITY VS. EFFICIENCY,” http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj15n2-3-3.html]

Freedom's first principle is: Each person .... not establish morality and that free markets are morally superior to other forms of human organization.

NEGATIVE - States Video Franchising CP v Broadband (Memorial)

TEXT: The 50 states and all relevant sub-national governments of the United States should establish statewide video and cable franchising authorities, replacing franchising regulations currently operated by municipalities.

States can lift franchising—solves broadband deployment EBN 9 [Entertainment Business Newsweekly “ALEC Urges FCC to Respect States Sovereignty over Cable & Video Franchising,” 4-19, L/n) ALEC = American Legislative Exchange Council]

Consistent with federal .... on the framework provided by ALEC s model

This is the silver bullet Ford et al 5 [George S., Thomas M. Koutsky, Lawrence J. Spiwak, Esq.‡*Chief Economist, *Resident Scholar, *President, Phoenix Center for Advanced Legal & Economic Public Policy Studies “The Impact of Video Service Regulation on the Construction of Broadband Networks to Low-Income Households,” September, , accessed via http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=834144#]

Instead of extending anti-redlining ... areas than will pro-entry video policies.8

Solves the aff faster Wallsten 7 [Scott, director of communications policy studies at the Progress & Freedom Foundation “Franchise Reform and the FCC,” April, http://www.heartland.org/publications/infotech%20telecom/article/20783/Franchise_Reform_and_the_FCC.html]

The issue today is that the legacy telephone companies, in particular AT&T and Verizon, are rolling out optical fiber and want to offer video and lightning-fast broadband .... an excellent opportunity to promote broadband investment and adoption in the U.S.

NEGATIVE -J.I. Bad v McDonough + Harker (Bronx)

JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE 1. Plan overstretches power of judiciary—crushes environmental leadership Schumer 8 [Charles E. Schumer is a Senator for New York State, “Congress & the court: restoring balance.(Viewpoint essay).,” Daedalus 137.4 (Fall 2008): p74]

The judicial trend of diminishing deference to Congress's ... address major national issues like discrimination against the disabled and the aged, environmental concerns, and gun violence.

2. Warming USA Today 9 [“EPA to propose ways to cut car emissions,” 9/15]

In an appearance before the USA TODAY editorial ... the Congress can't move fast enough, then the EPA should act."

3. Extinction The New York End Times 6 The New York End Times is a non-partisan, non-religious, non-ideological, free news filter. We monitor world trends and events as they pertain to two vital threats - war and extinction. We use a proprietary methodology to quantify movements between the extremes of war and peace, harmony and extinction. http://newyorkendtimes.com/extinctionscale.asp]

We rate Global Climate Change .... present, such as disease and climate change. We monitor war separately. However we also need to incorporate the dangers here .

4. Destroys democracy Cross 3 [FRANK B. CROSS is the Herbert D. Kelleher Centennial Professor of Business Law and also a professor at The University of Texas at Austin Law School, “Thoughts on Goldilocks and Judicial Independence,” OHIO STATE LAW JOURNAL Vol. 64: 195 (2003)]

One potential problem the extent of its independence 5. Extinction Montague 98 [Peter Montague, co-director Environmental Research Foundation and publisher of Rachael’s Environment and Health News, 14 October 1998 http://www.greenleft.org.au/1998/337/20135]

The environmental movement is treading water and slowly democratic decision-making is no longer a luxury. In the modern world, it is a necessity for human survival.

6. Judicial independence destroys economic growth and rule of law—guarantees violent wars Helmke & Rosenbluth 9 [Gretchen Helmke is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Rochester, AND Frances Rosenbluth is professor of political science, Yale University, “Regimes and the Rule of Law: Judicial Independence in Comparative Perspective,” Annual Review of Political Science Vol. 12: 345-366 (Volume publication date June 2009, EBSCO]

It is hard to think of a concept that enjoys ... that they are supporting dictatorship, not building the rule of law.

Independent judiciary leads to afghan instability: rest of the region proves Rubin 3 [Barnett, Center on International Cooperation-NYU, http://www.institute-for-afghan-studies.org/Contributions/060503DRRobin_Presentation_to_Constitutional_Commission_of_Afghanistan.htm]

Finally, I understand that the commission ... should be limited to disputes involving fundamental rights and relations among different parts of the government, as is done in Malaysia, where the laws also conform to Islamic principles.

Nuclear war Morgan 6 [Stephen, former member of the British Labour Party Exectutive Committee. He is a political psychologist, researcher into Chaos/Complexity Theory, "Better another Taliban Afghanistan, than a Taliban NUCLEAR Pakistan!?" http://www.electricarticles.com/display.aspx?id=639]

However events may prove him sorely wrong... global relations. It could usher in a new Cold War with China and Russia pitted against the US.

Judicial independence in China leads to destabilization and threatens CCP Providence Journal 5 [December 1, Factiva, “Rule of Law in China”]

Ever since Deng Xiao-peng started ... Chinese citizens -- rights that they currently lack.

Nuclear war Renxing 5 [Sen, staff writer, The Epoch Times, (a privately owned Falon-Gong linked newspaper) August 3, 2005, “CCP Gambles Insanely to Avoid Death” http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-8-3/30931.html]

Independent judiciary destroys Indian BOP Venkatesan 2k [V, Staff @ Frontline, "Judiciary and social justice," Oct., http://www.flonnet.com/fl1721/17210960.htm]

What was glossed over ... protective of its domain, these interactive aspects, which often constitute a fine balance of powers, may get weakened.

Destroys Indian stability Sripati 98 [Vijayashri, LL.M., American University Washington College of Law, May 1991; British Chevening Scholar (1995-96); M.A. (International Law & Politics) University of Hull, England, January 1997; Recipient of the Josephine Onoh Memorial Prize in Public International Law awarded by the University of Hull, England, January 1997, 14 Am. U. Int'l L. Rev. 413, lexis]

Other practical reasons also render this ... well as the country's stability.

Causes nuclear war w/Pakistan and China Globe and Mail 99 [India votes for a majority government Political stability should provide the basis for economic reform and an incentive for regional peace, Oct 11 lexis]

Political chaos has become a nasty ... nationalist fury and solidarity and thereby divert attention from domestic problems.

Extinction Fai 1 [Ghulam Nabi Fai, Kashmiri American Council, July 8, 2001, Washington Times, Lexis.]

NEGATIVE - Financial Reform DA (Bronx)

Financial reform will pass—top of the agenda Reuters 10/14 [“WRAPUP 1-Financial reforms gain traction in U.S. Congress”]

A senior U.S. lawmaker ... we are that Chairman Frank is moving forward."

Focus and pol cap key Blinder 9/5 [Alan S. Blinder is a professor of economics and public affairs at Princeton. He was an economic adviser to President Bill Clinton and vice chairman of the Federal Reserve, “The Wait for Financial Reform,” http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/business/economy/06view.html]

Perhaps worst of all, it’s hard to keep the public engaged in ... protection and restrictions on executive pay.

Key to econ WSJ 9/11 [“US Health-Care Debate Won't Slow Financial Overhaul –Summers”]

The health-... way for a firm recovery, emphasizing the Fed's independence and stressing the importance of a strong currency.

Nuclear war Green & Schrage 9 [Michael J Green is Senior Advisor and Japan Chair at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and Associate Professor at Georgetown University. Steven P Schrage is the CSIS Scholl Chair in International Business and a former senior official with the US Trade Representative's Office, State Department and Ways & Means Committee, “It's not just the economy,”March 26 http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Asian_Economy/KC26Dk01.html]

Facing the worst economic crisis since the Great ... enthusiastically embrace punitive tariffs against Chinese or Indian goods that are produced outside of the framework for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

NEGATIVE - Healthcare Politics (St. Mark's)

1NC

Healthcare will pass but PC key Reuters 10/21 ["Healthcare deadline spurred foes: White House's Axelrod"]

Social spending causes partisan fights The Hill, 09 ["Dems push to halt GOP's funding ban on social programs" 6/30/09 http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dems-push-to-halt-gops-funding-ban-on-social-programs-2009-06-30.html]

Key to warming bill - solves extinction Freedland, 09 [Jonathan Freedland, guardian.co.uk, Tuesday 15 September 2009, "If Obama can't defeat the Republican headbangers, our planet is doomed," http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/sep/15/obama-healthcare-climate-change-copenhagen]

2NC IMPACT ADD-ONS

Healthcare Key to health IT Hacker 9 [Jacob, Professor of Political Science, U.C. Berkeley, Co-Director, Center for Health, Economic & Family Security, U.C. Berkeley School of Law, Fellow, New America Foundation, THE CASE FOR PUBLIC PLAN CHOICE IN NATIONAL HEALTH REFORM KEY TO COST CONTROL AND QUALITY COVERAGE, http://institute.ourfuture.org/files/Jacob_Hacker_Public_Plan_Choice.pdf] "Second, over the last generation, public insurance ... strategies. Indeed, a new public plan could spearhead improvement of existing public programs as well as private plans."

Kills 100k a year Gingrich 6 [Newt, Senior Fellow @ American Enterprise Institute and Former Speaker of the House “The Importance of Health Information Technology,” March 31, 2006, http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.24144/pub_detail.asp] "Paper kills. It is that simple. Instead of saving lives, our current paper ... and--at the same time--save money."

NEGATIVE - Free Market K (St. Mark's)

1NC

Social services destroy the free market and are doomed to failure Vance 9 [Laurence Vance, Adjunct Instructor in Accounting - Pensacola Junior College, "Does Capitalism Need Adjustment?" 1-13-2009, http://mises.org/story/3287]

Upholding the free market is key to preventing the worst types of violence Carden 4 (Art, graduate student in economics at Washington University in St. Louis, June, The Free Market, The Mises Institute Montly, "Mistaken Identity," vol. 24, no. 6, www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=497&sortorder=articledate)

Extinction Beres 94 [Louis Rene, Professor of International Law in the Department of Political Science at Purdue University, Spring, Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, Lexis]

Vote Negative to endorse the free market Tanner, 96 [Michael, Director of Health and Welfare Studies at CATO, BA in government from Norwich, Author of numerous books and peer reviewed articles on poverty "Replacing Welfare," November/December 2996, http://www.cato.org/pubs/policy_report/cpr-18n6-1.html]

NEGATIVE - Federalism DA (St. Mark's)

1NC

Fism high Pollack and Kilgore 6/29 [Harold, researches public health @ U of Chicago School of Social Service Administration and Ed, managing editor of The Democratic Strategist In a Crisis, Rethinking Fiscal Federalism, NY Times, http:///economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/29/in-a-crisis-rethinking-fiscal-federalism/]

Plan kills it Gais 9 [Tjp,as :., Contributor; Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government, Stretched Net: The retrenchment of State and Local Social Welfare Spending Before the Recession, The Journal of Federalism 2009 39(3):557-579, http:///publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/39/3/557]

Key to economy Heritage 9 [Morning Bell: The End of Federalism, 5/5/9 http://blog.heritage.org/2009/05/05/morning-bell-the-end-of-federalism/]

Nuclear War The Baltimore Examiner 9 ["Will this recession lead to World War III," 2/26, http://www.examiner.com/x-3108-Baltimore-Republican-Examiner~y2009m2d26-Will-this-recession-lead-to-World-War-III]

NEGATIVE - T Violations (St. Mark's)

1NC SS excludes Healthcare

Social Services exclude health Gais 9 [Thomas L. Gais is Senior Fellow @ the Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government of State University, "Stretched Net: The Retrenchment of State and Local Social Welfare Spending Before the Recession," The Journal of Federalism Advance Access originally published online on May 18, 2009, http:// publius.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/pjp011]

1NC SS excludes Institutional Residents

Social Services cannot go to institutional residents Lynch 9 [Karen, Analyst in Social Policy at the Congressional Research Services SSBG (Title XX of the Social Security Act), 6/8, Congressional Universe]Note: SSBG = Social Services Block Grant

1NC SS = Means Tested

The aff is not a means-tested program for persons in poverty Santala Behroozi 2k8 [Sinikka Santala, Administrator of Division of Long Term Care @ Wisconsin Department of Health Services, AND Cyrus Behroozi, Administrator of Division of Safety and Permanance @ Department of Children and Families, "SOCIAL SERVICES BLOCK GRANT - 2008 ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS" http://dhs.wisconsin.gov/dsl_info/NumberedMemos/DLTC/CY2008/NMemo200811.pdf]

NEGATIVE - Means-Test CP (Memorial/St Marks)

Means-testing causes societal exclusion van Oorschot 99 [Wim van Oorschot is Professor of Sociology at Tilburg University, “Targeting welfare: on the functions and dysfunctions of means testing in social policy,” World Poverty http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=90379]

With regard to the sociocultural ... inferiority on the claimant's part.

That outweighs—gender modified Maiese 3 [Michelle Maiese is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Emmanuel College, “What it Means to Dehumanize,” July 2003 http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/dehumanization/]

Dehumanization is a psychological .. Cambodia, and the former Yugoslavia.

NEGATIVE - Malthus (Bronx)

Social services cause overpopulation Elliott 97 [Herschel, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy @ University of Florida “A General Statement of the Tragedy of the Commons,” http://dieoff.org/page121.htm]

Almost everyone recognizes ... fundamental flaw in modern Western moral thinking is demonstrated is Garrett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" (1968).

Extinction Woolridge 9 [Frosty, former US Army Medical Service Corps officer, “America galloping toward its greatest crisis in the 21st century,” http://www.examiner.com/x-3515-Denver-Political-Issues-Examiner~y2009m5d22-America-galloping-toward-its-greatest-crisis-in-the-21st-century]

The population issue accelerates at ... inequity within and between nations, and in the worst (and not unlikely) case, a nuclear war ending civilization.

10 in the crunch Ehrlich 74 [Paul, Professor of Biology @ Stanford New York Times]

Furthermore, there are other pernicious ... suggestion ( or to related proposals by William and Paul Paddock in their 1968 book, “Famine-1975!”) , and the point is now moot, since we have no more surplus food.

Impact Stuff

a. Extinction o/w Bostrom 5 [Professor of Philosophy @ Oxford (Nick, http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/44]

Now if we think about what just reducing the probability of human extinction by just one percent.... could hope to achieve. Even if you just look at the current people and ignore the potential that would be lost if we went extinct it should still be a high priority.

Environmental collapse first Cairns 4 [Distinguished Professor of Environmental Biology Emeritus, Department of Biology and Director Emeritus, University Center for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Studies @ Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University John Cairns Jr, “Eco-Ethics and Sustainability Ethics,” Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics, http://ottokinne.de/esepbooks/EB2Pt2.pdf#page=66]

Wars between humans are devastating.... likelihood of resource wars. If humankind’s war on nature continues, humankind will suffer grievous harm.

Magnitude o/w TF and probability Sandberg, Matheny and Cirkovic 8 [Anders Sandberg, James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, postdoctoral research assistant for the EU Enhance project; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and co-founder of New Harvest, and Milan M. Ćirković, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro; “How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction” http://thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction] The facts are sobering. More than 99.9 .... in key disruptive technologies, such as nanotechnology and computational neuroscience, and developing international policies to reduce the risk of catastrophic accidents.

b. Crunch destroys social services Evans 7 [James Huw, Ph.D. Comp Sci @ University of Glasgow, over 15 years of experience in the technology and start-up industries “World Overpopulation Killing Earth,” http://environmentalism.suite101.com/article.cfm/we_are_the_environmental_problem] If we are to effectively deal .... It is economic genocide.

2NC Link/UQ Stuff

1. Try or die—crunch coming now Duncan 7 [Ph.D., electrical engineer, Director of the Institute on Energy and Man Richard C, “America: A Frog in the Kettle Slowly Coming to a Boil,” Social Contract Journal, Volume 18, Number 1, Fall 2007, http://www.thesocialcontract.com/artman2/publish/tsc_18_1/tsc_18_1_duncan.shtml]

Reese R. Raybon, a finance ...end-game strategy!” (Raybon, 2007)

a. Risk—Overpopulation and environmental decline are the only scenarios for extinction—irreversibility means reducing the risk is key regardless of the uniqueness Hardin 1 [Professor Emeritus of Human Ecology at the University of Southern California Garrett, “Carrying Capacity as an Ethical Concept,” The Social Contract Journal Volume 12, Number 1, Fall 2001, http://www.garretthardinsociety.org/articles_pdf/cc_quality_of_life.pdf]

In science, most of the time, it is not so much exact numbers that ... an additional impediment to understanding may not be the mortal sin called pride, which some theologians regard as the mother of all sins.

2. Poverty key to making crunch sustainable Elliott 97 [Professor Emeritus of Philosophy @ University of Florida Herschel, “A General Statement of the Tragedy of the Commons,” http://dieoff.org/page121.htm]

Now, for the first time in the world's history, a single species ...human beings are now stressing the world's ecosystems.

3. Growth slowing Ellis 9 [Madeline, Health News “Recession Blamed for Decline in U.S. Birth Rate,” Aug 11 http://www.healthnews.com/family-health/pregnancy-childbirth-parenting/recession-blamed-decline-us-birth-rate-3562.html]

History tells us that declines in U.S....2009 will be critical.”

Global population growth slowing Monbiot 4 [The Underpopulation Problem; George Monbiot is the author of Heat: How to Stop the Planet from Burning; http://www.alternet.org/story/18832/the_underpopulation_problem/]

For all these reasons, we could be expected to welcome ... payments amounts to five times its GDP.

1. Controlling pop here key Bartlett 5 [Ph.D. and Professor of Physics at the University of Colorado Albert A, “Is There a Population Problem?” The Social Contract Journal, Volume 16, Number 1, Fall 2005, http://www.thesocialcontract.com/artman2/publish/tsc1601/article_1344.shtml]

Where on Earth is the population problem ... population problem in the U.S. We need to work to stop population growth in the U.S.

2. Other countries irrelevant Bartlett 5 [Ph.D. and Professor of Physics at the University of Colorado Albert A, “Is There a Population Problem?” The Social Contract Journal, Volume 16, Number 1, Fall 2005, http://www.thesocialcontract.com/artman2/publish/tsc1601/article_1344.shtml]

The negative effects of runaway population

3. US key to the environment impact Erickson 6 [Minnesota State Director of the Izaak Walton League and Minnesotans for Sustainability Dell, “A Sustainable U.S. Population: When?” The Social Contract Journal, Volume 17, Number 1, Fall 2006, http://www.thesocialcontract.com/artman2/publish/tsc_17_01/tsc_17_01_erickson.shtml]

The energy, environmental, economic... met the fate of the plow or livestock ranching. It is policy. Change U.S. population policies soon and these frightening projections do not happen.

AT Demographic Transition

Demographic Transition Theory Flawed a. Biased studies Abernethy 97 [Psychiatry at Vanderbilt University 27 Envtl. L. 1097]

Demographic transition theory ... caution are overwhelmed.

b. Controlled natural experiments Abernethy 97 [Psychiatry at Vanderbilt University 27 Envtl. L. 1097]

Population experts compete for credit ... the only feasible approximation to hypothesis testing.

c. Baby-boomers disprove Abernethy 97 [Psychiatry at Vanderbilt University 27 Envtl. L. 1097]

The United States fertility rate continues to respond to economic ... % per annum. 39

NEGATIVE - Heg Bad (Bronx/Marks)

Offshore balancing solves terrorism and Middle East stability Mearsheimer 8 [prof poli sci @ UChicago “Middle East: Know the Limits of U.S. Power” Dec 12 http://www.newsweek.com/id/171261/page/2]

The United States is in deep ... stationed on Arab soil.

OSB lets the US pit regional powers against one another—primacy causes dangerous groupings of terrorists threats and catalyzes counter-balancing—causes terrorism and middle east war Layne 9 [Christopher, Prof @ A&M, “America’s Middle East grand strategy after Iraq: the moment for oﬀshore balancing has arrived,” Review of International Studies (2009), 35, 5–25]

The Bush administration’s Middle ... diplomatic accommo- dation of its diﬀerences with Iran.

Kagan and O’Hanlon are wrong—regional deterrence solves better and troop increases cause global backlash Adams 7 [Gordon, professor at the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, “The problem with expanding the U.S. military”, The Bulletin Online, http://www.thebulletin.org/columns/gordon-adams/20070501.html]

But before the United States ... current forces are more than adequate to play their appropriate role in that broader strategy of engagement.

Transition to peaceful multipolarity inevitable—erosion of US capabilities causes drawback Layne 9 [Christopher Layne is Professor, and Robert M. Gates Chair in Intelligence and National Security, at Texas A&M University’s George H.W. Bush School of Government and Public Service, “The Waning of U.S. Hegemony—Myth or Reality,” International Security Volume 34, Number 1, Summer 2009 MUSE]

For an overview of trends that could affect international .... foreign policy options—than it has been accustomed to having since 1945 (ibid.).

Destroys Russian relations and causes global war Press TV 9 [“Medvedev lashes out at US hegemony,” Sept 15 http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=106209&sectionid=351020602]

Russia's President has slammed ... military adventures, suppression of rights and freedoms -- of any illegal activities," he stressed.

Extinction NTI 9 [Global Security Newswire, “Russia Open to U.S. Suggestions on Improving Relations, Curbing Iran” http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20090318_4374.php 3/19]

Russian leaders have shown an interest in improving ... outcome," the report adds (Nixon Center release, March 16).

NEGATIVE - Covert Ops CP (Bronx)

The Department of Defense should -freeze all increases in supplemental military spending -increase recruitment standards to exclude all individuals with historical associations with hate-groups, including but not limited to Neo-Nazi parties and White Supremacy groups -substantially decrease the number of private military contractors deployed in the Middle East -substantially increase the number of Central Intelligence Agency

That solves the case but prevents Russian expansionism Friedman 2/3/09 [George, chief executive of Stratfor, a global intelligence company, “Afghan Supplies, Russian Demands,” http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/04/opinion/04georgefriedman.html]

Here is where Mr. Obama could use some European help. Unfortunately, that’s not ... make us much less dependent on supply deliveries, which would help solve our Russian problem.

Nuclear war Cohen 96 [Arial Phd-Senior Fellow @ Heritage The New Great Game, http://www.heritage.org/Research/RussiaandEurasia/BG1065.cfm]

Much is at stake .... Ukraine, Turkey, Iran, and Afganistan will increase.

NEGATIVE - BMD DA (Michigan)

Missile defense coming now—cuts have been restored to THAAD and Aegis projects Kellerhals 10/22/09 [Merle David Kellerhals Jr, Washington File News, “"Missile Defense Plan" designed to meet growing threat to Europe” Oct 22]

Beginning in 2011, the new missile .... battery to Poland from Germany several times each year until 2012 to help Poland in upgrading its air defense capabilities.

Plan guts the program Fagan 9 [Dan, the alaska standard “Liberals target Missile Defense,” 2/4]

It’s begun. The Democratic Party controlling Congress .... you want,” Levin said.

Extinction Hicks 8 [Rear Admiral Alan B. Hicks, USN, is Program Director and Commander, Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense, “Seabased Ballistic Missile Defense,” issue 50, 3d quarter 2008 / JFQ]

The events of September 11, 2001, clearly revealed that Americans ... capacity of partners to counter threats and to promote regional stability.5

Uniqueness

Their evidence doesn’t assume funding renewal NewsMax 10/9 [By: John Rossomando “Lobbyist: Senate Vote Sends Message On Missile Defense,” http://www.newsmax.com/newsfront/missile_defense_ellison/2009/10/09/270658.html]

A leading missile defense lobbyist ...national security it needs.”

Lockheed contracts have the green light NS 10/27/09 [National Security, Heritage Foundation, “Lockheed Awarded $1 Billion Contract, Raytheon $100 Million”]

Defense contractor Lockheed Martin was awarded ...offers a near-term and affordable solution to this asymmetric threat."

Congress is on board—sea based NMD will be funded CQ 10/22/09 [Congressional Quarterly, “Senate Poised To Send Defense Bill to Obama,” http://news.yahoo.com/s/cq/20091022/pl_cq_politics/politics3228959]

The Senate is expected to send the fiscal 2010 defense authorization ...for interrogating and prosecuting wartime detainees.

Their evidence doesn’t assume the Lieberman amendment Hair 10/8/09 [Connie Hair is a freelance writer, a former speechwriter for Rep. Trent Franks (R-AZ) and a former media and coalitions advisor to the Senate Republican Conference, “Senate 'Obamacare' Concept Costs $829 Billion,” http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=33881] Sens. Joe Lieberman (Ind.-Conn.) and Jeff Sessions (R-Ala.) introduced an amendment Tuesday to the 2010 Defense Appropriations bill that will protect funding for the continued ... the world. Failure to maintain this capability is an invitation to foreign nations to aggressively pursue intercontinental missile technology.”

Despite cuts we’re still deploying Aegis and THAAD Hodge 10/23/09 [Nathan, Wired Magazine “In Israel, a Key Test of Obama’s Retooled Missile Shield,” http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2009/10/in-israel-a-key-test-of-obamas-retooled-missile-shield/]

Back in April, the Obama administration ... below the atmosphere.”

Obama installing sea NMD now Kaufman 9/17/09 [By Stephen Kaufman Staff Writer, “Obama Announces New Plan to Defend Europe from Iranian Missiles,” http://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-english/2009/September/20090917132034esnamfuak0.1177637.html]

Citing the need for a more adaptable missile ... protect the U.S. homeland against long-range ballistic missile threats; and it ensures and enhances the protection of all our NATO allies,” the president said.

Links

Increased social services cause defense tradeoff Bolton 9 [Alexander, The Hill, “Liberals Want More Defense Spending Left Behind,” http://pdamerica.org/articles/alliances/2009-03-27-07-55-05-alliances.php]

President Obama is facing mounting pressure from his party’s left flank to cut defense spending so more money can be spent on social programs. A letter obtained .... and reinvest in important programs such as healthcare and education.”

It’s the easiest cut Associated Press 9 [“Romney raps Obama's 'tour of apology'” nexis 6/1]

Romney took aim at the Obama administration's ....turmoil, would put America and Americans at risk," he said.

And, pressure to balance the budget causes tradeoff Fraser 6/11/09 [Jay, CEO @ Tracer Detection Technology Corp., a company involved in document security, brand protection, and separately, covert tracking technologies, which has recieved contracts from the DoD, "Budgetary legacy - defense into the future", http://threatswatch.org/rapidrecon/2009/06/budgetary-legacy---defense-int]

Admirable social programs and financial bailouts .... reductions made more than a decade ago. But it could be argued that the future is more dangerous than the past.

Subsidies CP v GBS (Michigan)

Cutting ag subs solves case Edwards 7 [Chris Edwards is director of tax policy at the Cato Institute, “Ten Reasons to Cut Farm Subsidies,” June 28 http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=8459]

A major farm bill being debated in Congress gives policymakers ... subsidies and other programs is causing large amounts of debt to be foisted on the next generation.

Food stamps fail and crush individual liberty Williams 7 [Walter E. Williams John M. Olin Distinguished Professor of Economics at George Mason University received his doctorate from the University of California-Los Angeles in 1972 and has been the since 1980. He has been chairman of the economics department since 1995, “The Legitimate Role of Government in a Free Society”, Jan 31, http://www.kmhm.net/governmentpage.htm]

What did the founders of the U...institutions of private ownership of property and free enterprise, both of which have suffered devastating attacks and are mere skeletons of what they were in the past.

That comes first Rand 89 [Ayn Rand, Philosopher, July 1989, “The Virtue of Selfishness: A New Concept of Egoism,” p. 145]

Gender Modified

A society that robs an individual ... Soviet Russia or Nazi Germany.

Subsidy cuts solve obesity a. Causes shift to fruits and vegetables EHP 4 [Environmental Health Perspectives “The Fat of the Land: Do Agricultural Subsidies Foster Poor Health?,” http://www.ehponline.org/members/2004/112-14/spheres.html]

Ever since the Great Depression, American oversweetened foods and those of healthier alternatives, offering poor folks little choice but to stock their pantries with less nutritious foods.

b. American Medical Association goes neg McClatchy Tribune 7 [“Are rising obesity rates linked to U.S. farm aid?,” Oct 29 http://www.mcclatchydc.com/227/story/20875.html]

That’s just what the nation’s doctors are subsidized fruit and vegetable production, according to the physicians. c. Larger internal link—accesses GLOBAL obesity MedIndia 6 [“Agricultural Subsidies Responsible For Obesity, Says Expert,” Sept 4 http://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=13959]

Dr. Philip James, the British chairman of the International products from the United States and Europe means that the fat rates in nations.

CP solves small farms—subsidies cause agribusiness explosion and unstable prices that crush small farms Riedl 7 [Brian M. Riedl is Grover M. Hermann Fellow in Federal Budgetary Affairs in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “How Farm Subsidies Harm Taxpayers, Consumers, and Farmers, Too,” http://www.heritage.org/research/agriculture/bg2043.cfm]

Driving Small ... merit or need.

Unlevel playing field makes small farms impossible and obesity inevitable—food stamps fail absent subsidy cuts—our ev is comparative Cook 8 [Christopher D. Cook, a prize-winning journalist, is the author of "Diet for a Dead Planet: Big Business and the Coming Food Crisis." “Farm bill: making America fat and polluted, one subsidy at a time,” April 23 http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0423/p09s02-coop.html]

At a time of soaring food prices, America's grocery .. financial support.

Subsidies cause agribusiness explosion at the cost of small farms Riedl 7 [Brian M. Riedl is Grover M. Hermann Fellow in Federal Budgetary Affairs in the Thomas A. Roe Institute for Economic Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation, “How Farm Subsidies Harm Taxpayers, Consumers, and Farmers, Too,” http://www.heritage.org/research/agriculture/bg2043.cfm]

This is the most common—and provably incor rect—justification. .... sixth of the current cost of farm subsidies.[6]

Case Defense v Food Stamps

1. SQ solves obesity AFN 9 [Austin Food News “Manufacturers join forces to “tackle obesity”,” Oct 8 http://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2009/10/08/manufacturers-join-forces-to-tackle-obesity.html]

A coalition of around 40 US retailers....education campaign on energy balance, to be announced.

2. Best studies show food stamps cause obesity Bushong 9 [BY STEVE BUSHONG, THE COLUMBUS DISPATCH, “Female food-stamp recipients weigh more” http://www.columbusdispatch.com/live/content/local_news/stories/2009/08/12/foodstamps.ART_ART_08-12-09_B1_1BEOC9O.html?sid=101]

Women who use food stamps .... problem -- it's one of these things we can control, but it seems to be out of control," Zagorsky said.

3. Troop levels highest in 6 years The Boston Globe 5/1 [“Down Economy Boosts Military”, http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2009/03/01]

The faltering US economy is fueling .... better people," he said.

4. Food stamps cause poverty—turns case Rector 1 [Robert E. Rector is a Senior Research Fellow at The Heritage Foundation, “Reforming Food Stamps to Promote Work and Reduce Poverty and Dependence,” http://www.heritage.org/Research/Welfare/Test062701.cfm]

Despite the close resemblance .... increases poverty in the nation.

1. Small farms inevitable—this is their author—he’s describing the SQ Halweil 5 [Brian, senior researcher, Worldwatch Institute, “Farmland Defense: How the Food System Can Ward Off Future Threats,” From “New Perspectives on Food Security,” Glynwood Center, November 12-14 http://www.glynwood.org/assets/PDF's/ReportsandGuides/foodsec/Farmland%20Defense%20How%20the%20Food%20System%20Can%20Ward%20Off%20Threats.pdf]

I was recently speaking with a food marketing .... OK, they could do for themselves.

2. Risk of terrorism functionally zero Harwood 9 [Matthew, assistant editor at Security Management, “9-11 Creates "Misleading View of Terrorism," Expert Says,” 5/28, Security Management is the award-winning publication of ASIS International, the preeminent international organization for security professional, http://www.securitymanagement.com/news/9-11-creates-misleading-view-terrorism-expert-says-005702]

The events of 9-11 are the quintessential example of the....misleading view of terrorism," he said.

3. And, even if it happened it would be small Neild 6 [Barry Neild is the deputy bureau chief with Agence France Press in Jakarta & Journalist at CNN, “Agroterrorism: How real is the threat?” Sept 25 http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/americas/09/25/agroterrorism/index.html]

Tonnes of spinach has been .... which is killing a lot of people."

Corporate Income Tax CP (Michigan)

CP solves competitiveness and the economy Rahn 12/10/04 [Richard Rahn, Senior fellow of the Discovery and Cato Institutes, Chairman of the Institute for Global Economic Growth and Chairman of the Advisory Board of the European Center for Economic Growth, “Abolish the Corporate Income Tax?” http://www.economicswithaface.com/weblog/archives/2004/12/abolish_the_cor.html]

On Nov. 18, in a speech given at the Finance Ministry in Vienna, Austria, the very highly regarded European economist and first woman president of the Mont Pelerin Society, Professor Victoria Curzon Price, called for eliminating the corporate income tax.... There, in the center of socialist Europe investment trust (REIT). which are not burdened with the extra level of taxation.

Eliminating corporate income tax solvesjob loss Hoeft 9 [JR Hoeft, “Gilmore: Eliminate corporate income taxes to fix the economy,” http://bearingdrift.com/2009/02/23/gilmore-eliminate-coporate-income-taxes-to-fix-the-economy/]

“No one really knows whether ... proposal will not be given serious consideration by Virginia’s U.S. Senators. However, many Virginians do appreciate you for saying it.

Solves long term stability Miron 2/6/09 [Jeffrey A. Miron, senior lecturer in economics at Harvard University, “Economic Change We Can Believe In,” http://www.reason.com/news/show/131556.html]

President Barack Obama's stimulus ... sustained and healthy recovery.

Solves better than HC WSJ 9 [“Health Reform and Competitiveness,” June 17]

Messrs. Obama and Schmidt need to brush ... doing away with secret ballots in union elections.

Topicality: SS ≠ Housing (Michigan)

Government social services exclude housing Smith 3 [associate professor at the School of Public Affairs at the University of Washington Steven, The State of nonprofit America, ed: Lester Salamon, p. 152-153]

The field of nonprofit social services is .... rehabilitation, and sheltered workshops.

And, it uniquely destroys neg ground—different funding streams and implementation Hambrick & Rog 2k [RALPH S. HAMBRICK is an Associate Professor in the De partment of Public Administration at Virginia Common wealth University, DEBRA J. ROG is a research fellow at the Vanderbilt University Institute for Public Policy Studies, “The Pursuit of Coordination: The organizational Dimension in the Response to Homelessness,” Policy Studies Journal, Vol. 28, No. 2,2000 (353-364)]

The set of human .... adequate transportation is an overlay that exacerbates the price homeless family fragmented system of services.

And, prefer our exclusive definition—most precise Rabinovitz et al 76 [FRANCINE RABINOVITZ, School of Public Administration, University of South California, Los Angeles, AND **JEFFREY PRESSMAN, Department of Political Science, M.I.T., ***MARTIN REIN, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, “Guidelines: A Plethora of Forms, Authors, and Functions,” Policy Sciences 7 (1976), pp. 399—416]

From the case studies presented in this volume we felt that a useful .... of the program can be measured. At the other end of the continuum one can identify issues such as taxation, where commitment, workability, and measurability are reasonably assured in the framework of relatively well-accepted and clear purposes.

And, it’s not just 1 case—adding housing blurs the distinction between social services and independent fields—explodes the topic Kahn 79 [Alfred J, Professor at Columbia University School of Social Work, Chairman of the Committee on Child Development Research and Public Policy of the United States National Academy of Science Social Policy and Social Services, p.44]

The broad definition of social services implies .... course, as already indicated, even in field like child welfare and family counseling, there are major interdisciplinary aspects.

Broad definitions destroy debate over social services Wickenden 76 [Elizabeth, Professor of Urban Studies at the City University of New York The Social Service Review, December, v. 50, n.4, 570–585, JSTOR]

Anyone who undertakes to write about social .... expenditure (p. 64). What occurred was, in effect, a premature excursion into what we have since come to know as revenue sharing.

Dollar Dump (Michigan)

Social services cause dollar dump - bones heg and the economy Bayh 9/18/09 [“Mr. Bayh is a Democratic senator from Indiana and a former two-term governor of that state, “Why Democrats Must Restrain Spending,” WSJ]

The consequences of all this will not be ... guarantors of social progress.

Heg good kzad

@@ Line 207: / Line 207: @@
 [Social services are ….  Social workers have played a major role in implementing welfare policies and, particularly, in using family and community welfare policies to discharge their professional obligations.]
-===2AC AT Cap K===
+===2AC Capitalism K===
 We have crossed the threshold of societal sustainability—technological innovation and free market capitalism are the only way to ensure human survival
@@ Line 239: / Line 239: @@
 One of our goals as Marxists has ... its unity a fantasy, visible as a denial of diversity and change.
-===2AC AT T Education===
+===2AC T Education===
@@ Line 273: / Line 273: @@
 The definitions contained in this rule are to be used by the county department of human services (CDHS) when developing and implementing its Title XX ... occupational, speech, physical); special training and tutoring, including literacy training and pre-vocational training; provision of books, supplies, and instructional material; counseling; transportation; and referral to community resources
-===2AC AT: HEG BAD===
+===2AC AT Heg Bad===
 '''1.US power projection is key to preventing terrorism'''
@@ Line 310: / Line 310: @@
 [The argument against…worth the reward]
-===2AC AT: Heg- Middle East Stability===
+===2AC AT Heg Bad - Middle East Stability===
 '''A.American Leadership is key to preventing future conflict in the Middle East'''
@@ Line 326: / Line 326: @@
+== 2AC Agriculture Add-On ==
+Technical education key to agriculture—innovation is vital.
+Alston 3 – assistant professor of agriscience education @ North Carolina A&T University (Antoine, “USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA,” Journal of Career and Technical Education Volume 20, Number 1, Fall 2003, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JCTE/v20n1/alston.html#FFA)
+United States agriculture is one of the most productive systems...every painting ever painted, and every symphony ever composed (Clinton, 1998).
+Agricultural collapse causes extinction.
+Lugar 4 – U.S. Senator (Richard, http://www.unep.org/OurPlanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html)
+In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoning nuclear threats and other crises, it is easy to lose sight of the long-range ... play a decisive humanitarian role in the survival of billions of people and the health of our planet.
+== 2AC Chemical Industry Add-On ==
+STEM key to the chemical industry
+Trainham et al 5 (James A. Trainham III, Chairperson, COMMITTEE ON GRAND CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY under the Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Sustainability in the Chemical Industry: Grand Challenges and Research Needs - A Workshop Report, pg. 69)
+This reality needs to be communicated through education and training...need the systems orientation of green chemistry and sustainability science.
+Extinction
+ICCA 2 (International Council of Chemical Associations), June 20, “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY,” online: http://www.cefic.be/position/icca/pp_ic010.htm)
+The key finding of "Our Common Future", (the 1987 report of the United Nations' World Commission on Environment and Development), is that environmental, economic and social concerns ... keeping up international competitiveness as a pre-requisite of sustainable job creation.
+== 2AC T Means-Testing/Poverty Line ==
+We meet—“need-based allocations” ONLY go to schools in poverty.
+Education Weekly 5 [“Title I” Sept 21 http://www.edweek.org/rc/issues/title-i/]
+When most people refer to Title I, they are ... poverty schools and districts and used to provide educational services to students who are educationally disadvantaged or at risk of failing to meet state standards.
+Social services aren’t means-tested.
+Blau & Abramovitz 4 [Joel Blau is Assistant Professor at the School of Social Welfare @ SUNY, Mimi Abramovitz is Professor of Social Policy at Hunter College School of Social Work and the University and Graduate Center, City University of New York, The dynamics of social welfare policy, p 47-8]
+The welfare state also includes a wide range of social services....social services are publicly funded but delivered by nonprofit and for-profit organizations.
+“For” is NOT exclusive.
+OED 7 [Oxford English Dictionary, 2007]
+Affecting, with regard to, or in respect of  (something or someone)
+No predictable case list
+Ruggles 7 [Ph.D. National Academy of Sciences Patricia. CAPITOL HILL HEARING TESTIMONY “MEASURING POVERTY IN AMERICA” August 01, 2007, Lexis-Nexis Congressional]
+The two biggest programs that use the federal poverty guidelines in their eligibility criteria are the Food Stamp Program ... allocating grants use estimates produced by a complex model based on data that is several years old.
+== 2AC Obama Good - Link Turns ==
+Key constituents support the plan.
+McKinney 9 ***ALSO A 1AC CARD *** [Jessica McKinney is a Master of Public Policy candidate in the Trachtenberg School, where she has concentrated on budgeting/public finance. A2004 graduate of Georgetown University, Jessica taught elementary school prior to entering the M.P.P. program, “K–12 Education in the United States Should We Implement National Standards and Assessments?,” Policy Perspectives, http://www.policy-perspectives.org/article/view/4242/10.4079pp.v16i1.4242]
+A consensus has been forming in the education policy community.  High-profile endorsements...feasibility. Uniform standards and assessments and the status quo are both politically viable.
+Winners win
+Mann 9 ***SHOUT OUT TO ROBERT BALDWIN FOR THIS CARD*** – *Senior Lecturer of Governance Studies @ Brookings Institute [Thomas, “After the 2008 Election: Politics and the Governance in the United States,”, 4/21/09, http://www.brookings.edu/speeches/2009/0421_governance_mann.aspx]
+In reality, each presidency has its own political dynamic, shaped by the size of the initial election victory, the contours of the economy, conditions of war or peace, public impressions, and legislative victories and defeats. ... and lays the political groundwork for sustained leadership throughout the life of his administration.
+Moderate democrats love the plan.
+AC 9 (American Chronicle, 6/25/09, http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/107638)
+Washington—Ten moderate Senate Democrats today sent a letter to President Barack Obama voicing support for his key education goals...Landrieu (D-LA), Michael Bennet (D-CO), Joseph Lieberman (ID-CT), Bill Nelson (D-FL), Claire McCaskill (D-MO), Mark Warner (D-VA) and Herb Kohl (D-WI).
+No opposition to nationalized education standards.
+Cary 9 – *frequent contributor to American Thinker (Lee, "Nationalizing Public Education Comes After Health Care" http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/06/nationalizing_public_education.html)
+So we come to the point where the financial markets, the auto industry and eventually the health care industry will function under the aegis of the federal government. It's clear from his campaign rhetoric what will come next -- America's public education system. Candidate ... certification standards as national teachers, and jump through bureaucratic hoops that'll eventually dissuade many from being their child's teacher as well as their parent.
+== 2AC States CP ==
+Feds key
+Business Roundtable 5 [A Statement by AeA, Business Roundtable, Business-Higher Education Forum, Computer Systems Policy Project, Council on Competitiveness, Information Technology Association of America, Information Technology Industry Council, Minority Business RoundTable, National Association of Manufacturers, National Defense Industrial Association, Semiconductor Industry Association, Software & Information Industry Association, TechNet, Telecommunications Industry Association, and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce  “Tapping America's potential: The education for innovation initiative,” http://www.uschamber.com/NR/rdonlyres/epivg5lni4pxype7by6h3gl5kpkbr3hyief6oxhbv4dgodcj4kmizkva2oe542sdaq2cx33sxce36i3jgwmflzf2q6b/050727_tapstatement.pdf]
+For most of the 20th century, the American education system provided a substantial part of the talent ... We recognize that we will have to  make our case to the American people to build the political support for moving  this issue to the top of the national agenda.
+Federal leadership key
+Allen 8 [Rick “Has the Time Come for National Standards?,” InfoBrief Volume 15 | Issue 2 http://www.ascd.org/publications/newsletters/infobrief/vol15/issue2/summary/Has_the_Time_Come_for_National_Standards¢.aspx]
+Current education and political leaders have reignited the debate about national standards, calling them a new imperative to ensure...national standards are about equity—assuring all students access to the same high-quality education.
+States cause race to bottom
+McNeil 9 [Michele, Education Weekly, “Standards To Receive Fresh Push,” http://www.edweek.org/login.html?source=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2009/04/22/29standards-2.h28.html&destination=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2009/04/22/29standards-2.h28.html&levelId=2100]
+Over the past quarter century, the push has advanced in fits and starts. For example, an advisory panel ... good until we have curriculum and assessments that go with it," Ms. Haycock said. "The big risk is: So we have standards. Now what?"
+No industry partnerships
+Wakelyn 7 [David, Education Division @ NGA Center for Best Practices “Retooling Career Technical Education,” http://www.nga.org/Files/pdf/0706TECHED.PDF]
+Although CTE programs are shifting away from an old voc-ed mentality to embrace ...CTE curricula typically fit poorly with state standards and assessments.
+Perm do both-solves the net benefit
+Adler 7 [Jonathan H., Professor of Law and Co-Director, Center for Business Law and Regulation, Case Western Reserve University School of Law “WHEN IS TWO A CROWD? THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL ACTION ON STATE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION”, 31 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 67, Lexis]
+Third, policy-makers are, to some extent, utility maximizers such that, all else equal, they will invest in policies that provide the greatest benefits and lowest costs to them...provision of that policy goal, all else being equal, a state policy-maker will prefer to legislate where the federal government is less active.
 ==NEGATIVE==

2009-2010 Kinkaid (TX) - Nikhil Bontha & Layne Kirshon

From NDCAWiki

Revision as of 05:00, 19 November 2009

Contents

Affirmative

STEM Affirmative - Greenhill RR

2AC Capitalism K

2AC T Education

2AC AT Heg Bad

2AC AT Heg Bad - Middle East Stability

2AC Agriculture Add-On

2AC Chemical Industry Add-On

2AC T Means-Testing/Poverty Line

2AC Obama Good - Link Turns

2AC States CP

NEGATIVE

NEGATIVE - Feminism K

AT Perm

AT Schmitt

AT Realism

AT Empiricism/Jarvis/Rationality Good

Positive Peace Stuff

Framework/Epistemology

NEGATIVE - T Healthcare

NEGATIVE - T Welfare

NEGATIVE - HC Bad

NEGATIVE - Impact Turns v Carrolton

NEGATIVE - Zizek K

NEGATIVE - Federalism Turns

NEGATIVE - Politics DAs (Ghill)

NEGATIVE - Gay Marriage Bad (Ghill)

NEGATIVE - De-Dev (Ghill)

NEGATIVE - Coercion K (Memorial)

NEGATIVE - States Video Franchising CP v Broadband (Memorial)

NEGATIVE -J.I. Bad v McDonough + Harker (Bronx)

NEGATIVE - Financial Reform DA (Bronx)

NEGATIVE - Healthcare Politics (St. Mark's)

NEGATIVE - Free Market K (St. Mark's)

NEGATIVE - Federalism DA (St. Mark's)

NEGATIVE - T Violations (St. Mark's)

NEGATIVE - Means-Test CP (Memorial/St Marks)

NEGATIVE - Malthus (Bronx)

Impact Stuff

2NC Link/UQ Stuff

AT Demographic Transition

NEGATIVE - Heg Bad (Bronx/Marks)

NEGATIVE - Covert Ops CP (Bronx)

NEGATIVE - BMD DA (Michigan)

Uniqueness

Links

Subsidies CP v GBS (Michigan)

Case Defense v Food Stamps

Corporate Income Tax CP (Michigan)

Topicality: SS ≠ Housing (Michigan)

Dollar Dump (Michigan)

Views

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